Table 1. R&D in the FY 1998 Budget by Agency

	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	% Chg. FY 97-98
	Actual	Estimate	Budget	Current $	Constant $
Total R&D (Conduct and Facilities) - see notes at end of table
Defense (military)	35,783	37,461	36,780	-1.8%	-4.3%
Science & Technology (6.1-6.3)	7,544	7,752	7,392	-4.7%	-7.1%
All Other DOD R&D	28,239	29,708	29,389	-1.1%	-3.6%
Health and Human Services	12,033	12,920	13,226	2.4%	-0.2%
Nat'l Institutes of Health	11,425	12,206	12,531	2.7%	0.1%
NASA	9,432	9,315	9,604	3.1%	0.5%
Energy *	6,273	6,129	7,250	18.3%	15.3%
Nat'l Science Foundation	2,391	2,424	2,519	3.9%	1.3%
Agriculture	1,488	1,544	1,484	-3.9%	-6.3%
Commerce	992	1,016	1,088	7.1%	4.4%
Interior	571	581	608	4.7%	2.0%
Transportation	601	650	684	5.2%	2.6%
Environ. Protection Agency	482	510	554	8.5%	5.8%
All Other	1,186	1,150	1,229	6.9%	4.2%
	______	______	______
Total R&D *	71,232	73,700	75,028	1.8%	-0.8%
Defense R&D*	38,465	40,236	40,457	0.5%	-2.0%
Nondefense R&D *	32,767	33,464	34,571	3.3%	0.7%
Basic Research	14,442	14,857	15,297	3.0%	0.4%
Applied Research	14,107	14,511	15,052	3.7%	1.1%
Development	40,557	42,132	41,602	-1.3%	-3.8%
R&D Facilities *	2,125	2,200	3,077	39.9%	36.3%

Source: AAAS, based on OMB data for R&D for FY 1998, agency budget justifications, and information from agency budget offices. Constant dollar estimates based on OMB's GDP deflators.

* - DOE figures include proposed upfront funding for fixed assets. There is a special DOE request of $1.2 billion, of which $883 million is reserved for project costs in FY 1999 and later. Subtracting the FY 1999- costs results in the following R&D totals, which may more accurately reflect year-to-year trends in R&D:

Table 2. Basic Research by Agency

	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	% Chg. FY 97-98
	Actual	Estimate	Budget	Current $	Const. $
Health and Human Services	6,395	6,826	7,015	2.8%	0.2%
Nat'l Institutes of Health	6,394	6,825	7,015	2.8%	0.2%
Nat'l Science Foundation	1,991	2,068	2,147	3.8%	1.2%
Defense	1,099	1,080	1,164	7.8%	5.0%
Energy	1,918	1,980	2,080	5.0%	2.4%
NASA	2,102	1,957	1,901	-2.9%	-5.4%
Agriculture	582	580	599	3.3%	0.7%
Commerce	37	39	40	2.6%	0.0%
Interior	56	57	65	14.8%	11.9%
Transportation	39	45	45	0.0%	-2.5%
Smithsonian	134	134	139	3.7%	1.1%
Environ. Protection Agency	54	54	54	0.5%	-2.0%
All Other	36	37	49	32.4%	29.1%
	______	______	______
Total Basic Research	14,442	14,857	15,297	3.0%	--
Total in FY 1997
Constant Dollars	14,803	14,857	14,909	--	0.4%

Source: OMB data for R&D for FY 1998 and agency budget justifications.

Table 3. Estimated Support for Conduct of R&D at Colleges and Universities

	FY 1996	FY 1997	FY 1998	% Change FY 97-98
	Actual	Estimate	Budget	Current $	Constant $
Health & Human Services	7,004	7,425	7,645	3.0%	0.4%
Nat'l Institutes of Health	6,914	7,323	7,549	3.1%	0.5%
Nat'l Science Foundation	1,927	1,898	1,964	3.5%	0.9%
Defense (Military)	1,430	1,435	1,347	-6.1%	-8.5%
NASA	745	752	807	7.3%	4.6%
Energy	580	563	596	5.9%	3.2%
Agriculture	423	419	423	1.0%	-1.6%
EPA	149	155	186	20.0%	17.0%
Interior	51	53	50	-5.9%	-8.3%
Transportation	61	63	49	-22.2%	-24.2%
Commerce	77	80	80	0.0%	-2.5%
Education	117	120	129	7.5%	4.8%
All Other	12	12	12	0.0%	-2.5%
	______	______	______
Total R&D at Colleges
and Universities	12,576	12,975	13,288	2.4%	-0.2%

Source: AAAS, based on OMB supporting data for R&D and agency budget justifications. Constant FY 1997 dollars based on OMB's GDP deflators.

Table 4. Trends in R&D, FY 1994-1998

	FY 1994	FY 1997	FY 1998	% Chg. FY 94-97	% Chg. FY 94-98
	Actual	Estimate	Budget	in Constant $	in Constant $
Dept. of Defense	35,510	37,461	36,780	-1.7%	-5.9%
Health and Human Serv.	11,324	12,920	13,226	6.4%	6.1%
Nat'l. Institutes of Health	10,474	12,206	12,531	8.7%	8.7%
NASA	9,406	9,315	9,604	-7.7%	-7.2%
Dept. of Energy *	6,771	6,129	7,250	-15.6%	-2.7%
Nat'l Science Foundation	2,243	2,424	2,519	0.8%	2.1%
Agriculture	1,528	1,544	1,484	-5.8%	-11.8%
Commerce	1,022	1,016	1,088	-7.3%	-3.3%
Interior	708	581	608	-23.5%	-21.9%
Transportation	641	650	684	-5.4%	-3.0%
EPA	588	510	554	-19.1%	-14.4%
All Other	1,335	1,149	1,230	-19.7%	-13.2%
	____	____	____
Total R&D *	71,074	73,700	75,028	-3.3%	-4.1%
Defense R&D *	38,299	40,236	40,457	-2.1%	-4.0%
Nondefense R&D *	32,775	33,464	34,571	-4.8%	-4.2%

Source: AAAS Reports XX-XII, based on OMB R&D data and revised agency R&D estimates.
Adjusted for inflation according to OMB's GDP deflators.
* - FY 1998 figures include proposed up-front funding for fixed assets in DOE. Subtracting FY 1999-2002 costs would reduce total R&D 1.0 percent further to 5.1 percent below FY 1994. Defense R&D would be down 6.0 percent; nondefense R&D down 4.3 percent and DOE's adjusted percentage reduction would be 13.3 percent between FY 1994 and FY 1998.

Table 5. AAAS Analysis of the Projected Effects of the President's Budget on Federal R&D

	FY 1997	FY 1998	FY 1999	FY 2000	FY 2001	FY 2002	% Change FY 97-02
	Estimate	Budget	Projected	Projected	Projected	Projected	current $	constant $
Total R&D (Conduct and Facilities)
Defense (military)	37,461	36,780	35,870	34,190	33,672	35,056	-6.4%	-17.7%
Health & Human Services	12,920	13,226	13,272	13,321	13,369	13,416	3.8%	-8.7%
Nat'l Institutes of Health	12,206	12,531	12,583	12,635	12,687	12,738	4.4%	-8.2%
NASA	9,315	9,604	9,537	9,387	9,293	9,331	0.2%	-11.9%
Energy	6,129	7,250	6,185	5,967	5,962	5,886	-4.0%	-15.5%
Defense	2,775	3,676	2,543	2,514	2,585	2,556	-7.9%	-19.0%
Nondefense	3,353	3,574	3,642	3,453	3,377	3,330	-0.7%	-12.7%
Nat'l Science Foundation	2,424	2,519	2,530	2,536	2,543	2,550	5.2%	-7.5%
Agriculture	1,544	1,484	1,463	1,475	1,482	1,494	-3.3%	-14.9%
Commerce	1,016	1,088	1,109	1,136	1,187	1,260	24.0%	9.1%
Interior	581	608	608	609	609	610	5.0%	-7.6%
Transportation	650	684	684	684	684	684	5.2%	-7.4%
Environ. Protection Agency	510	554	571	588	605	624	22.3%	7.6%
All Other	1,150	1,229	1,145	1,150	1,156	1,160	0.9%	-11.3%
	______	______	______	______	______	______
Total R&D	73,700	75,028	72,973	71,043	70,562	72,070	-2.2%	-14.0%
Defense R&D	40,236	40,457	38,412	36,703	36,257	37,611	-6.5%	-17.8%
Nondefense R&D	33,464	34,571	34,561	34,340	34,305	34,459	3.0%	-9.4%

Source: AAAS analyses of defense and nondefense R&D, based on detailed budget account projections in the Public Budget Database of the Budget of the United States Government FY 1998. FY 1997 figures represent latest agency estimates of R&D. FY 1998 figures represent latest revised agency requests. Constant dollar conversions based on GDP deflators from OMB.