THAT WAS THEN...
Past projects from Beyond the Printed Page--now archived as a library of SCIENCE's World Wide Web efforts.
To see the most recent special features of Science Online, please visit www.sciencemag.org/feature/beyond/

Supplemental material for the report Stereoselective Bimolecular Phenoxy Radical Coupling by an Auxiliary (Dirigent) Protein Without an Active Center by Davin et al.

http://science.highwire.org/science-priv/scripts/display/full/275/5298/362.html#supplement The sequences of proline-rich motifs in 15 mammalian potassium channels and two N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. (20 December 1996)

Video clips showing vortex dynamics in superconducting films by Harada et al.

Supplementary data tables for the paper by Hosler et al. (27 September 1996)

Supplementary information for the paper by Cole et al. (27 September 1996)

Supplementary information for the paper by Lin et al. (13 September 1996)

Breakthrough of the Year nomination form (6 September 1996)

A Three-Color, Solid-State, Three-Dimensional Display (30 August 1996)

The Methanococcus jannaschii Genome Database (23 August 1996)

Possible Life on Mars? (7 August 1996)

Rates of DNA-Mediated Electron Transfer Between Metallointercalators (29 July 1996)

Modification of Phytohormone Response by a Peptide Encoded by ENOD40 of Legumes and a Nonlegume (19 July 1996)

Immunology Futures: Analysis and results of the 5 April questionnaire (12 July 1996)

AIDS resources: A listing of links to AIDS related sites (28 June 1996)

Spontaneous Waves of Neural Activity in the Retina (24 May 1996)

Reverberation of Neural Activity in the Entorhinal Cortex and Hippocampus of the Rat Brain (24 May 1996)

Cardiovascular Medicine (3 May 1996)

Questionnaire: Immunology Futures (5 April 1996)

Women and Minorities '96: Maintaining Diversity in Science (29 March 1996)

Observation of Dynamic Interaction of Vortices with Pinning Centers by Lorentz Microscopy (8 March 1996)

Ligand Binding: Molecular Mechanics Calculation of the Streptavidin-Biotin Rupture Force (16 February 1996)

Enhanced Perspectives (9 February 1996)

Indeterminate Organization of the Visual System (9 February 1996)

Science Education: Rethinking Europe's Universities (2 February 1996)

Biomedicine '96 Meeting: Medical Research from Bench to Bedside

Genetic Clues to Alzheimer's Disease (12 January 1996)

Temporal Processing Deficits of Language-Learning Impaired Children Ameliorated by Training (5 January 1996)

Language Comprehension in Language-Learning Impaired Children Improved with Acoustically Modified Speech (5 January 1996)

An STS-Based Map of the Human Genome (22 December 1995)

Transcription Against an Applied Force (8 December 1995)

What Does the Future Hold for Copyright and Scholarly Publishing? (1 December 1995)

Pharmacia Biotech & SCIENCE Prize for Young Scientists in Molecular Biology (10 November 1995)

Genome Issue (20 October 1995)

Speech Recognition with Primarily Temporal Cues (13 October 1995)

Titins: Giant Proteins in Charge of Muscle Ultrastructure and Elasticity (13 October 1995)

Careers '95: The Future of the Ph.D. (6 October 1995)

Anisotropy and Spiral Organizing Centers in Patterned Excitable Media

Computers '95: Fluid Dynamics (8 September 1995)

Genome Sequence Data on H. influenzae (28 July 1995)

Science Conduct On-Line (23 June 1995)

Supplementary information for the paper by Harada et al.

Five video clips showing vortex dynamics in superconducting films.
Harada 1 (234K), 2 (234K), 3 (240K), 4 (234K), 5 (230K)

Supplementary information for the paper by Hosler et al.

Table 1. Lead isotope data from Mexican copper deposits by state and mine.

Table 2. Lead isotope data and chemical compositions (weight percent) of Mesoamerican artifacts in Mexico by site or region.

Table 3. Lead isotope data from Mesoamerican artifacts by state and site or region.

Supplementary information for the paper by Cole et al.

Supplementary information for the paper by Lin et al.

A Protein Phosphorylation Switch at the Conserved Allosteric Site in Glycogen Phosphorylase data is available at this site. The paper describes the mechanism by which covalent phosphorylation acts as a switch to control the activity of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. The supplementary materials provide an animated view of the conformational changes in the protein, the ability to manipulate models of the enzyme with the programs Chemscape Chime and RasMol, and views of the protein structure not shown in the printed version of the paper.

Breakthrough of the Year

The last week for nominations of Breakthrough of the Year 1996 is 25-31 October!
Every December, Science recognizes one key breakthrough plus 10 "Runners-Up." This year, we invite your nominations for the top slot. We're looking for research in any discipline that opens whole new avenues of science, brings different fields together, and offers great potential benefits to society. Nomination form.

A Three-Color, Solid-State, Three-Dimensional Display (see paper)

QuickTime movie (1.7 MB): Dynamic Lissajous figures created at the intersection if two infrared laser beams that are being deflected with mechanical Galvanometer scanners. The host material is praseodymen doped ZBLAN glass and the lasers are infrared diode lasers from SDL Inc.

Download a QuickTime viewer.

Rates of DNA-Mediated Electron Transfer Between Metallointercalators

References and Notes

27.Caption for figure mentioned in (27):

Time-resolved transient absorption data monitoring the ground-state recovery kinetics of D-Os(phen)2dppz2+ bound to mixed-sequence DNA in the presence of increasing concentrations of D-Rh(phi)2bpy3+. (Bottom to top): 0, 1, and 3 equiv of Rh(III). Conditions are as given in Fig. 2 of the Report. Fitting was performed analogously to Fig. 3, except that k1 = 1.1 x 1010 s-1; again, when k1 is not set, its value remains constant (±15%) for each point in the titration. The rate constant k2 was found to be (7 ± 1) x 108 s-1, the shorter intrinsic decay constant of DNA-bound *Os(II); the longer decay constant for unquenched *Os(II), 1 x 108 s-1, was incorporated into a constant offset. Although the shapes of the decay curves clearly change as a function of Rh(III), the change in curvature indicates an increase in the fraction of k1 rather than a change in the values of the rate constants.

Description of laser apparatus and data mentioned in note (27): Instrumentation for Time Correlated Single Photon Counting and Transient Absorption Experiments:

The time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) apparatus utilizes a cavity-dumped femtosecond mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser centered near 830 nm [M. Ramaswamy, M. Ulman, J. Paye, J. G. Fujimoto, Optics Lett. 18, 572 (1993)]. Samples are excited with frequency-doubled light at variable repetition rates (usually 40 kHz). Typical emission count rates are = 1 kHz detected with a Hamamatsu multichannel plate photomultiplier tube (R3809U-01). The data displayed represents the sum of several scans obtained in reverse timing. Full width at half maximum is ~ 50 ps. The pump-/probe transient absorption experiments employ a Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier [J. Squier, F. Salin, G. Mourou, D. Harter, Optics Lett. 16, 324 (1991)], as described in D. A. V. Kliner, J. C. Alfano, P. F. Barbara, J. Chem. Phys. 98, 5375 (1993). The system typically produces 140 fs pulses centered near 780 nm with a pulse energy of ~180 mJ at 2 kHz repetition rate. Amplified pulses are partitioned in a 30:/70 beam splitter, initiating the pump and probe light sources. The larger fraction is focused into a spinning quartz disk for continuum generation. 420 nm probe light is selected by a variable-wavelength interference filter and split into signal and reference paths. The smaller fraction of the amplified pulse is mechanically chopped at 1 kHz and focused onto a 1-mm BBO crystal for second harmonic frequency gnereation. The resultant 390 nm pump light (~10 mJ/ pulse-1) is focused and crossed with the probe light through a static 2 mm quartz sample cuvette. Time-resolved dynamics are obtained by scanning a variable delay in the probe light interaction with the sample relative to the pump light interaction. Signal and reference probe intensities were measured by large-area avalanche photodiodes (EG&G) and divided in an analog processor. The change in absorbance measured from probe intensity with the pump on relative to probe intensity with pump blocked was obtained from a boxcar operating in toggle mode. Typically, 2000 shots were averaged per time point and 2-8 scans were averaged per data set.

29.Caption for figure mentioned in (29):

Steady-state emission quenching of (!) D-Ru(phen)2dppz2+ and (_) L-Ru(phen)2dppz2+ by D-Rh(phi)2bpy3+ in the presence of mixed-sequence DNA. Conditions are as given in Fig. 2 of the Report.

Modification of Phytohormone Response by a Peptide Encoded by ENOD40 of Legumes and a Nonlegume

Sequence alignment of full ENDO40 gene sequences from soybean, pea, alfalfa, and tocacco plants.

Spontaneous Waves of Neural Activity in the Retina

Clip 1 (1.8 MB): A movie of spontaneous wave domains. The first frame is a fluorescence image of the ganglion cell layer of a fura-2 stained retina. The total field is over 1 mm². Next, a movie of the data summarized in the first frame of Figure 1 is shown. Increases in [Ca²+]i correspond to cells going dark (12). The first wave seen in the video sequence corresponds to the red wave in the lower left hand corner of the figure. The final wave in the sequence corresponds to the purple wave in the center of the field.
Clip 2 (3.3 MB): Waves can be elicited by a short pressure ejection of artificial cerebral spinal fluid containing K+ (13). The first frame is a fluorescence image of a fura-2 stained retina at a lower magnification than the first segment (the total field is over 4mm²). The white spot shows the location of the micropipette tip. Following the fluorescent image, local depolarization induced by the pressure ejection, followed by an elicited wave traveling down and toward the left is shown. A second puff, 20 seconds after the first, evoked only a local depolarization since it occurred within the refractory period of the tissue (as in Figure 2B). By this method, we could determine the area of tissue that is directly depolarized by the pressure ejection of K+. This video clip corresponds to the first frame of Fig. 4C. Note that several spontaneous waves also occur during the sequence.
Clip 3 (1.6 MB): Waves can be elicited by pressure ejection of 200M nicotine. The first frame is a fluorescence image of a fura-2 stained retina. The total field is 0.25 mm², which is a higher magnification view than shown in Clip 1 of the videotape. The fura-2 labeled cell bodies can be seen clearly. The white circle show the location of the micropipette tip. The elicited wave travels upward from the region round the pipette and then circles around to the center of the frame.

Reverberation of Neural Activity in the Entorhinal Cortex and Hippocampus of the Rat Brain

Clip 1 (2.9 MB): Supplement to Figure 1. Reverberation of neural activity in EC and the activity transfer from EC to the hippocampus.
Clip 2 (1 MB): Supplement to Figure 2. Gating the entry of neural acitvity into the hippocampus.

Cardiovascular Medicine

Embryonic Heart Development A series of film clips showing the developmental timecourse of the cardiovascular system in the chick. The series begins with a 20-hour-old embryo and finishes when it is about 6 days old. Rhythmic contractions of the heart are first visible at about 30 hours of development. The film clips were provided by Deepak Srivastava (The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas).
Cardiology Compass From the Washington University School of Medicine, this is a helpful guide for navigation to information resources and multimedia features related to the cardiovascular system.

Questionnaire: Immunology Futures

Progress in immunology has spawned many exciting therapeutic possibilities. But which ones are most desirable, and which are most important, practical, and cost-effective? The Science Immunology Futures Questionnaire, designed with these questions in mind, was available for a month for your participation but is now closed to further comment. We appreciate the time that many of you took to fill out the questionnaire, which is still available for your perusal. Please check Science On-Line 12 July for our analysis and summary of the results of the questionaire.

Women and Minorities '96: Maintaining Diversity in Science

In this special issue, Science reporters examine the impact of tight budgets and '90s politics on career prospects for women and minorities in science. Recent court rulings severely limit affirmative action, and so could disrupt longstanding efforts to encourage women and minorities in science. Proposed legislation in Congress and in California would go even further, outlawing any preferences on the basis of race or gender. At the University of California--often the nation's bellwether on diversity--observers predict fewer blacks and Hispanics on campus. But despite this chilly climate, new and successful strategies to tap the talent of all groups are emerging. We also profile top-ranked women and minority scientists, who explain how they got ahead and offer strategies for success in today's competitive environment. The full text of this special issue is available on Science's Next Wave.

Observation of Dynamic Interaction of Vortices with Pinning Centers by Lorentz Microscopy

Videos show movement of magnetic vortices around defects and closely packed vortices forming a lattice domain. A related Perspective also provides videos of strong and weak pinning vortex channels.

Enhanced Perspectives

The full texts of eleven Perspectives are now available in an enhanced form. Added to the Perspectives are hypernotes linking the text to the vast array of scientific information available on-line.

Indeterminate Organization of the Visual System

Wiring up the brain. More details about Hilgetag et al.'s algorithm to determine the hierarchical organization of the brain and commentary by D. C. Van Essen and D. J. Felleman that goes beyond that in the print magazine.

Science Education: Rethinking Europe's Universities

In this special news report, SCIENCE's correspondents examine the sweeping changes taking place in universities across Europe. They found that the forces driving the changes and the responses to them are far from uniform. Germany and France are struggling to cope with more students while funding has stagnated; the United Kingdom is broadening access to university education while stimulating more competition among institutions; the Netherlands is trying to shorten the time it takes students to graduate; and the former countries of the Soviet bloc are struggling with the legacy of communism--the separation of research and teaching, and limited finances. The full text of this special report is available on SCIENCE's Next Wave, along with forums and reports from young scientists in Europe.

Biomedicine '96 Meeting: Medical Research from Bench to Bedside

SCIENCE, the Association of American Physicians (AAP), the American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), and the American Federation for Clinical Research (AFCR) present Biomedicine '96, May 3 to 6, 1996, in Washington, DC. The program, orginally published in SCIENCE November 3, 1995, is now available on-line. Please visit the AFCR home page for complete program information and details on how to register or become an exhibitor.

Interactive Forum on "Genetic Clues to Alzheimer's Disease"

Dewji and Singer propose a hypothesis to explain why the proteins beta-amyloid and S182/STM2 underlie familial Alzheimer's disease. On our interactive forum, you can post your own comments on their proposal and see the reaction of others in the community.

Temporal Processing Deficits of Language-Learning Impaired Children Ameliorated by Training

Frequency modulated sweeps forming a continuum from long duration and long interstimulus interval to short duration and short interstimulus interval were used as training stimuli in the "Circus Sequence" training game. Similarly, synthetic phonemes ranging from highly modified to normal consonant transition duration and intensity were used as stimuli in the "Phoneme Identification" training game.

Language Comprehension in Language-Learning Impaired Children Improved with Acoustically Modified Speech

Acoustically modified speech was used as part of a program for training language-learning impaired children.

An STS-Based Map of the Human Genome (22 December)

Hudson et al. report in this issue on the construction of a physical map of the human genome that was based on unique DNA landmarks called sequence-tagged sites (STSs). The map integrates radiation hybrid, genetic, and YAC-contig maps and should provide the foundation for large-scale sequencing efforts. A compressed version of one chromosome is shown in the printed pages, but here we provide a link to the WWW server at the Whitehead Institute, which contains complete maps for all 24 chromosomes as well as the raw data on which the maps were based.

Transcription Against an Applied Force

A movie of RNA polymerase transcribing and pulling on DNA and directions for viewing are presented. These data are from the experiment described in Figure 2 of the paper by Yin et al. (8 December 1995).

What Does the Future Hold for Copyright and Scholarly Publishing?

This feature includes a policy piece discussing the ruling in the American Geophysical Union et al. v. Texaco case, a questionnaire to gather data for a study on photocopying and fair use, and an interactive forum posing questions on copyright and electronic publishing.

Pharmacia Biotech & SCIENCE Prize for Young Scientists in Molecular Biology.

Full text of the winning essays is provided along with biographical information and photos of the four winners. Rules and entry forms for the 1996 competition are also available on-line.

Speech Recognition with Primarily Temporal Cues

Examples of the audio stimulus and corresponding spectrograms are presented in relation to a paper published by Shannon et al. (13 Oct.) on speech perception.

SCIENCE Genome Maps VI-- Caenorhabditis elegans

You can't follow the Genome Project without a road map! The 20 October issue of SCIENCE contains a chart that summarizes progress in the Caenorhabditis elegans Genome Project and indicates in a flow chart some ways in which information about sequence can be used. The Web version has a map-image format, and links to C. elegans-related databases are active.

A Time To Sequence

In a Policy Forum, Maynard Olson, from the University of Washington, Seattle, expresses his view that the time has come to focus on large-scale sequencing of the human genome and to divert resources from such areas as technology development, analysis of gene function, and the launching of new model organism projects. You have the opportunity to participate in an electronic discussion of the issues raised in this Policy Forum.

Genetic Discrimination and Health Insurance

Genetic information has begun to have a profound effect on health care, as discussed in the Policy Forum by Kathy Hudson et al. Representatives of the NIH-DOE Working Group on Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) of the Human Genome Project and the National Action Plan on Breast Cancer discuss the potential for genetic discrimination in health insurance and submit recommendations for federal and state agencies. You have the opportunity to participate in an electronic discussion of the issues raised in this Policy Forum.

The Mycoplasma genitalium sequence database

The 20 October issue of SCIENCE presents the report by Fraser et al. of the sequencing and assembly of Mycoplasma genitalium, which is one of the smallest free-living organisms. We also provide a link to the web site established by The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) for genome sequence data on M. genitalium.

Database of the Physical Map of Arabidopsis thaliana Chromosome 4

Detailed understanding of plant genomes has lately led to the identification of genes involved in the control of traits such as flower formation, fruit ripening, and endogenous resistance to pests. The first physical map of a plant chromosome, chromosome 4 of Arabidopsis thaliana, is reported by Schmidt et al. In this issue of SCIENCE, we are also providing a link to a web site that presents complete details of the map, including names and order of clones and genetic sites used to assemble the contigs.

Titins: Giant Proteins in Charge of Muscle Ultrastructure and Elasticity

How large is large? For proteins, most lie within the range of 180 to 900 amino acid residues per molecule (masses of 20,000 to 100,000 daltons). Labeit and Kolmerer present the molecular cloning and sequencing of titin, a protein from human heart of 26,926 residues (3 million daltons). Analysis of the sequence domains, the messenger RNA splicing patterns in various tissues, and the structural organization of other muscle proteins suggests that titin serves two functions. First, it specifies the global arrangement of thick, myosin-containing filaments in muscle and, second, selective expression of domains explains the different elasticity of muscles.

Welcome to "Careers '95: The Future of the Ph.D.''

In this special issue of SCIENCE, news reporters explore the tough issues facing science Ph.D.'s now and in the coming years. Chief among them is the job crunch: Do contracting science budgets mean that it's finally time for Ph.D. "population control"? More and more scientists and policymakers are arguing that the number of graduate students--and even whole departments--must be scaled back. Other stories examine how Ph.D. programs are changing to adapt to a job market that no longer promises a career in academia, and how research universities themselves are adapting to tighter fiscal realities. Readers can also follow links to National Academy of Sciences reports on science careers, graduate school rankings, and previous careers-related articles from SCIENCE. The Careers section appears as part of SCIENCE's Next Wave, a new electronic network for young scientists.

Anisotropy and Spiral Organizing Centers in Patterned Excitable Media

This feature includes two movies that show chemical waves propagating along a membrane that was prepared with a patterned catalyst. This allows the evolution of the wave pattern to be programmed into the substrate.

Computers '95: Fluid Dynamics

"Computers '95--Fluid Dynamics" is a Web version of the special section on computers that appears in the 8 September issue. Four scientist-written articles describe efforts to understand fluid flows in the sun, the ocean and atmosphere, and the Earth's interior by simulating them on computers. Accompanying news stories report on the search for the additional computer power that could make such simulations more realistic. The news stories also examine recent developments on the Internet and in the world of on-line databases. The electronic version of the section includes links to Web sites where the viewer will find fluid-dynamics simulations and additional information related to the news stories. It also offers a message forum in which viewers can comment on our coverage.

Genome Sequence Data on H. influenzae

The 28 July issue of SCIENCE presents the report of the first sequencing and assembly of the complete genome of a free-living organism, Haemophilus influenzae Rd. We are also providing a link to the Web site established by The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) for genome sequence data on H. influenzae. This site provides a more complete version of Table 3 in R. D. Fleischmann et al. "Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd." It contains all the predicted coding regions organized by biological role, the database match and accession numbers used to identify the coding regions, gene identification numbers, gene names, supplemental sequence identity information, and the coordinates of the predicted coding region. Links are presented between each predicted coding region and its translation product, role, and alignment. Users will be able to search the TIGR database by gene name, nucleotide sequence, and protein sequence queries.

Science Conduct On-Line

"Science Conduct On-Line" is an interactive World Wide Web project that incorporates the "Conduct in Science" section from the 23 June issue of SCIENCE. This special 14-page report focuses on "gray areas" of behavior such as allocating credit for research work, assigning authorship of research papers, and sharing materials. In addition, the on-line project offers interaction with a panel of five experts in science conduct. Each expert has devised a scenario that poses difficult choices in science conduct. After reading the scenarios, you can offer the experts your views of how the situation should be handled. They will read your responses and select some for posting on the Web with their own comments.