AAAS R&D Program - Guide to R&D Funding Data

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R&D Budget and Policy Program

GUIDE TO R&D FUNDING DATA -
R&D IN THE FY 2005 BUDGET

Current Headlines

Federal R&D Hits New Highs in 2005 but Growth Slows for Many Agencies, Reverses for NSF

On December 8, President Bush signed the fiscal year (FY) 2005 omnibus appropriations bill into law, thus completing the federal government's 2005 budget process. The AAAS publication Congressional Action on R&D in the FY 2005 Budget, now available online (see below), analyzes the federal government's research and development (R&D) investment in the final FY 2005 budget.

AAAS estimates that the federal R&D portfolio in the FY 2005 budget will be a record-breaking $132.2 billion, a $6.0 billion or 4.8 percent increase. 80 percent of the increase goes to defense R&D programs, primarily for weapons development. The nondefense R&D investment rises by $1.2 billion or 2.1 percent to $57.1 billion, better than the 1 percent increase overall for domestic programs but far short of previous increases. Most R&D funding agencies see modest increases but the National Science Foundation (NSF), two years after Congress approved a plan to double the agency's budget over five years, sees a cut in its R&D funding. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) budget increases just 2 percent. Although the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) budget increases by 4.5 percent to $16.1 billion, the bulk of the increase goes to returning the Space Shuttle to flight, leaving NASA R&D up just 2 percent.

The total federal research investment (basic and applied) increases 2.5 percent to an estimated $57.0 billion because of large increases in the defense and homeland security research portfolios. Growth in other research portfolios slows down considerably or reverses compared to recent years. The federal development investment, however, continues recent trends with another dramatic boost of 6.5 percent to $70.5 billion, almost exclusively in defense.

An 11-page summary of the full report is also available, and individual agency analyses of FY 2005 funding details are also available (see below).

- Dec. 15, 2004

The complete book is now available on line.

Congressional Action on R&D in the FY 2005 Budget

December 15, 2004 - Full Text On Line

Our annual report on final FY 2005 appropriations for R&D in the federal budget is now available. The full text of the 42-page report, including 17 tables, is available. This publication provides a wrap-up analysis of R&D in the President's budget for FY 2005, including major funding trends and details on the FY 2005 budgets of the major R&D funding agencies. An 11-page summary containing highlights from this book is available as a Preview Report. For more information on R&D in the FY 2005 budget, see below.

November 29 - FY 2005 Final Appropriations

"Defense and Homeland Security R&D Hit New Highs in 2005; Growth Slows for Other Agencies (HTML)"

(A Preview of Congressional Action on R&D in the FY 2005 Budget)
(PDF version - 11pp)

This report is a summary of AAAS estimates and analyses of final FY 2005 appropriations bills. This report is a preview of the publication Congressional Action on R&D in the FY 2005 Budget.

Tables of final FY 2005 appropriations (PDF):
Complete set of 17 agency funding tables (18pp; PDF)

Table 1. Total R&D by Agency
Table 2. Estimated Research by Agency
Table 3. Major Functional Categories of R&D
- Table. U.S. Department of Agriculture R&D
- Table. Department of Commerce R&D
- Table A. Department of Defense by Program
- Table B. Department of Defense by Agency
- Table C. Department of Defense S&T
- Table. Department of Energy R&D
- Table 1. National Institutes of Health R&D
- Table 2. Department of Health and Human Services R&D
- Table. Department of Homeland Security R&D
- Table. Department of the Interior R&D
- Table. Department of Transportation R&D
- Table. Environmental Protection Agency R&D
- Table. National Aeronautics and Space Administration R&D
- Table. National Science Foundation R&D

Individual agency analyses of final FY 2005 appropriations:

Dept. of Defense (July 22; revised Nov. 30)

- "DOD Gets Record R&D Budget in 2005;
"S&T" Tops $13 Billion" (PDF)
- - (HTML version) - -

Dept. of Energy (Dec. 6)

- "DOE Wins Modest Increases in 2005" (PDF)
- - (HTML version) - -

Dept. of Homeland Security (Oct. 13)

"DHS Wins 20 Percent Boost for its R&D Portfolio" (PDF)
- - (HTML version) - -

Dept. of the Interior (Dec. 8)

- "USGS R&D Falls in Final 2005 Budget" (PDF)
- - (HTML version) - -

Dept. of Transportation (Dec. 8)

- "DOT R&D Sees Modest Increase in 2005" (PDF)
- - (HTML version) - -

Environmental Protection Agency (Dec. 8)

- "EPA R&D Falls in 2005 Budget Squeeze" (PDF)
- - (HTML version) - -

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Dec. 6)

"NASA Embarks on New Plans in 2005" (PDF)
- - (HTML version) - -

National Institutes of Health (Dec. 6)

"NIH Budget Growth Slows to 2 Percent in 2005" (PDF)
- - (HTML version) - -

National Science Foundation (Dec. 2)

"NSF Budget Falls in 2005" (PDF)
- - (HTML version) - -

Supplemental Tables and Full-Color Charts (PDF):

Historical Table 1. Federal R&D by Agency, 1976-2005 (current dollars)
Historical Table 2. Federal R&D by Agency, 1976-2005 (CONSTANT FY 2004 dollars)
Chart. Trends in Federal R&D, FY 1976-2005 - (Data Table)
Chart. FY 2005 R&D (% Change from FY 2004)
Chart. Selected Trends in Nondefense R&D, FY 1976-2005
Chart. Trends in Defense R&D, FY 1976-2005 - (Data Table)
Chart. Trends in Research, FY 1995-2005 - (Data Table)
Chart. Trends in Federal R&D, FY 1990-2005 (DOD, NIH, NASA, NSF, DOE)
Chart. Trends in Federal R&D, FY 1990-2005 (USDA, DOC, DOI, DOT, EPA)
Chart. Trends in Nondefense R&D, Request vs. Actual, FY 1978-2005
Chart. Trends in Defense R&D, Request vs. Actual, FY 1978-2005
Chart. Trends in NSF R&D, Request vs. Actual, FY 1978-2005
Chart. Trends in National Institutes of Health R&D, Request vs. Actual, FY 1978-2005
Chart. R&D Earmarks in Appropriations, FY 2002-2005
Chart. Trends in Federal Research by Discipline, 1970-2004

Included in the President's budget are proposed funding levels for R&D programs in FY 2005. The data below are for the President's proposals only and do not reflect congressional action. The tables below contain data for fiscal year (FY) 2003, FY 2004 (AAAS estimates of final FY 2004 appropriations), and FY 2005 (current estimates of the request). The data in these tables have been revised since the February release of the budget. For information on historical trends in R&D before FY 2003, please go to the Historical Data section of this Guide. For detailed written analyses of R&D in the FY 2005 budget, please see the FY 2005 R&D page on this site. Our complete analysis of R&D in the FY 2005 budget by theme, agency, and discipline is available in the book AAAS Report XXIX: Research and Development FY 2005.

- analysis of R&D in the FY 2005 Budget (3/04 revised)

"Research Holds, Development Gains in 2005 Budget"
AAAS Analysis of R&D in the FY 2005 Budget (HTML)

(PDF version - 15 pp)

This analysis is a preview of AAAS Report XXIX: R&D FY 2005, a comprehensive look at the President's budget for R&D in FY 2005. All figures in this analysis have been revised since the February 5 preliminary analysis. Supplemental information on R&D in the FY 2005 budget is available below; agency details and additional tables and charts will be added in the next few weeks.

Special Report on Homeland Security R&D in the FY 2005 Budget (May 12)

"Bush Administration Seeks $4.2 Billion for Homeland Security R&D in FY 2005" (PDF; 5pp)
- - (HTML version) - -

Agency Updates for FY 2005 (request only; see FY 2005 R&D page for congressional actions):

National Science Foundation (Feb. 26)

- "FY '05 Budget Offers NSF Modest Increase But Falls Short of Authorized Level" (PDF; 8pp)
- - (HTML version) - -

Department of the Interior (Feb. 26)

- "More Cuts in Store for USGS R&D" (PDF; 5pp)
- - (HTML version) - -

Environmental Protection Agency (Feb. 25)

- "EPA R&D Falls in FY 2005 Budget" (PDF; 5pp)
- - (HTML version) - -

Department of Commerce (March 3 revised March 16)

- "Commerce Proposes Boost for NIST Labs, Zero for ATP, Cuts in NOAA R&D" (PDF; 5pp)
- - (HTML version) - -

Department of Transportation (Feb. 25)

- "DOT Plans Increases in Highway Research" (PDF; 4pp)
- - (HTML version) - -

Department of Homeland Security (Feb. 24 revised March 2)

- "DHS R&D Wins Big Increase in FY 2005 Budget " (PDF; 5pp)
- - (HTML version) - -

National Institutes of Health (Feb. 20)

- "NIH 'Soft Landing' Turns Hard in 2005" (PDF; 8pp)
- - (HTML version) - -

Department of Defense (Feb. 20)

- "Record DOD R&D Budget Calls for More Development,
Steep Cuts in Research Funding" (PDF; 8pp)
- - (HTML version) - -

Tables on FY 2005 R&D Request by character of work:

-Table. Total R&D by Agency (revised 3/04)
-Table. Basic Research by Agency (revised 3/04)
-Table. Applied Research by Agency (revised 3/04)
-Table. Research in the FY 2004 Budget (revised 3/04)
-Table. Development by Agency (revised 3/04)
-Table. Conduct of R&D by Agency (revised 3/04)
-Table. R&D Facilities and Capital Equipment by Agency (revised 3/04)

Agency tables (from AAAS Report XXIX: R&D FY 2005)

-Other Tables. All federal spending is classfied by budget function, or the national mission the program serves. The table below shows that the two largest missions for federal R&D are defense and health. A table also shows federal R&D by appropriations subcommittee, showing that federal R&D is funded through nine different appropriations bills, each of which is considered separately in the appropriations process. There is also a table on "FS&T" in the FY 2005 budget, an alternative measure of the federal investment in science and technology, and a table showing funding by agency for key multi-agency S&T initiatives (nanoscience, IT, global change) in the FY 2005 budget. Some of these data are also presented below in chart form.

-Table. Major Functional Categories of R&D (revised 3/04)
-Table. R&D by Appropriations Subcommittee in the FY 2005 Budget (revised 3/04)
-Table. "Federal Science and Technology Budget" by Agency (2/04)
-Table. Interagency S&T Initiatives in the FY 2005 Budget (3/04)
- - - Chart. Networking and I.T. R&D by Agency, FY 2005 (2/04)
- - - Chart. Networking and IT R&D, FY 2001-2005 (2/04)
- - - Chart. Nanoscale Science and Engineering, FY 2001-2005 (3/04)
- - - Chart. Climate Change Science Program, FY 2001-2005 (2/04)
- Table. Federal Homeland Security R&D by Agency (2/04)
- - - Chart. FY 2005 Homeland Security R&D by Agency (2/04)
- - - Chart. Federal Homeland Security R&D, FY 2002-2005 (2/04)

-Charts. The first pie chart shows that the top six federal sponsors of R&D provide 95 percent of all federal support for R&D, with DOD the largest sponsor. The second pie chart shows that in basic research, NIH is by far the largest sponsor. For all research, the picture is similar. Another chart shows proposed changes for FY 2005 and the relative sizes of the R&D budgets in the six largest agencies plus the newest, the Department of Homeland Security. The fifth chart shows the proposed R&D budget for FY 2005 by character of work; the character of work is quite different for defense and nondefense R&D. Development is by far the largest component of defense R&D; by contrast, basic research is the largest category in nondefense R&D. The remaining charts illustrate the tables above.

-Chart. FY 2005 R&D by Agency (revised 3/04)
-Chart. FY 2005 Basic Research by Agency (revised 3/04)
-Chart. FY 2005 Research by Agency (revised 3/04)
-Chart. R&D in the "Big Six" Agencies Plus DHS, FY 2003-2005 (revised 3/04)
-Chart. Defense and Nondefense R&D by Character of Work, FY 2005 (revised 3/04)
-Chart. FY 2005 R&D by Function (revised 3/04)
-Chart. R&D by Appropriations Subcommittee FY 2005 (revised 3/04)

There is a chart comparing the FY 2005 request to FY 2004. The chart shows percentage changes between FY 2004 and FY 2005 for the 13 largest R&D funding agencies.

-Chart. FY 2005 R&D Request, Percent Change from FY 2004 (revised 3/04)

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