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New
Congress Wraps Up 2007 Budget With Increases for Key R&D Programs; Overall
Research Funding Flat
Just days before the release of the President's
proposed fiscal year (FY) 2008 budget, the Democratic majority in the 110th Congress
filed a spending bill to finalize the FY 2007 appropriations bills left unfinished
by the previous Congress. The 'joint funding resolution' provides funding for
the entire fiscal year for all programs funded by the 9 unfinished FY 2007 appropriations
bills covering most domestic programs, mostly at FY 2006 funding levels but with
increases for selected programs. The bill was quickly approved by the House on
January 31 and goes to the Senate next week, with a deadline of February 15, when
the current temporary appropriation expires, for the President to sign it into
law. The new spending bill contains pleasant surprises for federal R&D programs:
three key physical sciences agencies (including the National Science Foundation
(NSF)) would receive increases as part of the American Competitiveness Initiative,
the National Institutes of Health would receive an inflationary increase instead
of flat funding, energy R&D funding would climb dramatically, and several
R&D programs that had been operating at reduced funding levels until now would
see their budgets boosted back to last year's levels (see Figure, below). In addition,
the spending bill is unusual in that it contains no congressionally designated
earmarks, which in some cases results in large increases for core R&D programs
within flat or declining overall budgets. The proposed funding resolution,
which may still be amended by the Senate or rejected by the President, when combined
with already-enacted bills for defense and homeland security programs, brings
the total federal R&D investment in FY 2007 to a record $139.9 billion (see
Table 1), an increase of $4.6 billion or 3.4 percent.
The entire increase would go to development programs in the Department of Defense
(DOD) for weapons systems and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA) for new human spacecraft. The federal investment in basic and applied research
would barely stay even with last year at $56.8 billion (up 0.2 percent; see Table
2), narrowly avoiding the first cut in federal research in at least 30 years,
with increases for research funded by the three ACI agencies and NIH offset by
steep cuts in NASA, Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and other agencies'
research portfolios. In inflation-adjusted terms, the federal research portfolio
would decline for the third year in a row. Details of federal R&D in
FY 2007 based on the current version of the funding resolution are in the tables
below. The revised AAAS analysis of R&D in FY 2007 appropriations will be
available shortly here on the AAAS R&D web site. Agency highlights
include: - A last-minute $600 million boost brings total NIH spending to
$29.2 billion, up 2.2 percent. The Office of the Director (OD) budget would double
to $1.1 billion (up 108 percent). OD takes over funding for the recently authorized
Common Fund at $483 million, including a new $40 million for a Junior Pioneer
awards program. Most NIH institutes and centers (ICs) appear to receive the same
budgets in 2007 as last year, but the transfer of trans-NIH funding from individual
ICs to OD in 2007 should allow most ICs to increase their research funding by
1.2 percent. - NSF would receive the full requested increase of 7.7 percent
or $334 million for its core Research & Related Activities (R&RA) account,
allowing most research directorates to reverse declining funding of recent years
with increases of between 6 and 8 percent. Total NSF R&D would climb 7.0 percent
to $4.5 billion within a total budget of $5.9 billion. - The Department
of Energy's Office of Science would not receive the full requested increase of
14 percent for its role in the ACI, but would still receive a substantial 6.0
percent boost to $3.5 billion for its R&D programs. DOE's energy R&D programs
would get a surprising last-minute boost of 16 percent to $1.5 billion, with increases
exceeding 30 percent for key renewable energy programs and $50 million for a new
mandatory R&D program in ultra-deepwater oil and gas extraction. -
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) R&D, currently operating
at sharply reduced funding levels, would return to last year's levels with the
added bonus that 2006 earmarks would be canceled, freeing up 2007 funding for
core R&D programs. While the National Institute of Standards and Technology's
(NIST) laboratory programs would fall short of a requested 20 percent increase,
the NIST labs' role in the ACI would have 10 percent more than last year. In addition,
the spending bill saves the Advanced Technology Program (ATP), proposed for elimination,
for another year. - The NASA budget falls to $16.2 billion in 2007, but
NASA R&D would rise 3.6 percent to $11.7 billion as non-R&D Space Shuttle
funds are transferred to development work. Although less than requested, the Constellation
Systems program to develop the Space Shuttle's replacement would get $2.5 billion,
a 43 percent boost that eats up the entire R&D increase and more. Most NASA
research programs in areas such as aeronautics, space sciences, and environmental
sciences would remain at last year's funding levels, but there would be steep
cuts to the former biological and physical research portfolio.
- January
31, 2007
FY 2008 Budget: will
be released February 5. Schedule of agency budget briefings
and links to agency budget documents (continually updated) The AAAS preliminary
analysis of R&D in the FY 2008 Budget will be available here on Wednesday,
February 7. A seminar on R&D in the
FY 2008 budget will be held at AAAS on February 13. Table.
Continually Updated Status of R&D in FY 2007 Appropriations (1/31) January
31 - FY 2007 Appropriations Update The AAAS analysis of R&D
in the FY 2007 joint funding resolution will be available here shortly. The tables
below show the latest AAAS estimates of R&D in FY 2007 appropriations, based
on the joint funding resolution. (PDF) -Table
1. Total R&D in FY 2007 Appropriations (as of 1/07
-Table 2. Estimated Research in
FY 2007 Appropriations (as of 1/07)
-Table 3.
Major Functional Categories of R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (as of 1/07)
-Table.
US Department of Agriculture R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (as of 1/07)
-Table.
Department of Commerce R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (as of 1/07)
-Table.
Department of Defense R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (as of 1/07)
-Table.
Department of Energy R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (as of 1/07)
-Table.
Department of Homeland Security R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (Final 10/06)
-Table.
Department of the Interior R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (as of 1/07)
-Table.
Department of Transportation R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (as of 1/07)
-Table.
Department of Veterans Affairs R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (as of 1/07)
-Table.
Environmental Protection Agency R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (as of 1/07)
-Table.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (as
of 1/07)
-Table.
National Institutes of Health R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (as of 1/07)
-Table.
Department of Health and Human Services R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (as of 1/07)
-Table.
National Science Foundation R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (as of 1/07)
December
13 - December FY 2007 Appropriations Update "Federal
Research Funding in Decline As Appropriations Stall" (HTML) (PDF
version - 10 pp) This report is a summary of AAAS estimates and
analyses of federal R&D appropriations in the FY 2007 appropriations process
at the conclusion of the 109th Congress. -Table
1. Total R&D in FY 2007 Appropriations (as of 12/06)
-Table 2. Estimated Research
in FY 2007 Appropriations (as of 12/06)
-Table
3. Major Functional Categories of R&D in FY 2007 Approps. (as of 12/06) October
4 - AAAS October Summary Report on R&D in FY 2007 Appropriations "Federal
R&D Funding Stuck On Hold as FY 2007 Starts" (HTML) (PDF
version - 8 pp) AAAS August Summary Report on R&D in FY 2007 Appropriations
(August 9)  "Congress
Boosts Development Funding,
But Federal Research Still Headed Down in 2007"
(HTML) (PDF version - 11 pp)
AAAS R&D Funding Update on FY
2007 House Appropriations (July 5 corrected 7/11) "House
Endorses ACI, Defense, and Space R&D Increases
in Early Appropriations
Actions " (HTML) (PDF
version - 11 pp) Agency Updates for FY 2007 Appropriations: U.S.
Dept. of Agriculture (Senate - June 27) - "Senate
Joins House in Adding Earmarked R&D Funds for USDA" (PDF) - (HTML
version)
- (House - May 16) "House Moderates
Steep Proposed Cuts for USDA R&D,
Adds Earmarks" (PDF) - (HTML
version) Dept. of Commerce (Senate- July 25) - "Big
Boosts for NOAA R&D, NIST Labs in Senate Plan" (PDF) - (HTML
version)
- (House- June 23) - "NIST ACI Increase
Advances,
But House Slashes NOAA and ATP R&D" (PDF) - (HTML
version) Dept. of Defense (Conference- September 26) - "Congress
Finalizes Record $76.8 billion DOD R&D Budget, Boosts Basic Research "
(PDF) - (HTML version)
(Senate- August 2) - "DOD
R&D Gains in Senate Proposal, Research Funding Falls" (PDF) - (HTML
version)
- (House- June 19) - "House Boosts
DOD R&D to Another Record High" (PDF) - (HTML
version) Dept. of Energy (Senate - July 7) - "Office
of Science Climbs 18 Percent in Senate Plan" (PDF) - (HTML
version)
- (House - May 31) "House Approves ACI
Boost for DOE Science" (PDF) - (HTML version) Dept.
of Homeland Security (Conference - October 2) - "DHS
R&D Falls for the First Time in 2007" (PDF) - (HTML
version)
- (Senate - July 6) - "Senate Cuts DHS
R&D" (PDF) - (HTML version)
- (House
- May 31) "DHS R&D Falls Steeply in House Plan"
(PDF) - (HTML version) Dept. of the Interior
(Senate - July 6) - "Senate Adds to USGS R&D"
(PDF) - (HTML version)
- (House - May 17) "House
Approves Small Increase for USGS R&D" (PDF) - (HTML
version) Dept. of Transportation (Senate- August 3) - "DOT
R&D Falls in Senate Plan" (PDF) - (HTML
version)
- (House- June 13) - "DOT R&D Level
Funded in House Plan" (PDF) - (HTML version)
Dept. of Veterans Affairs (Senate- July 25) - "Senate
Proposes Small Increase for VA R&D" (PDF) - (HTML
version)
- (House- May 17) - "VA R&D Wins
Increase in House" (PDF) - (HTML version) Environmental
Protection Agency (Senate - July 6) - "EPA R&D
Declines in Senate Plan" (PDF) - (HTML version)
-
(House - May 17) "House Reverses Proposed Cuts in EPA
R&D" (PDF) - (HTML version) National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (Senate- July 25) - "Senate
Adds $1 Billion to NASA Budget" (PDF) - (HTML
version)
- (House- June 26) - "House Confirms
Large Boost for NASA Development" (PDF) - (HTML
version) National Institutes of Health (Senate - July 25) -
"Senate Gives Small Increase to NIH "
(PDF) - (HTML version)
- (House- June 16 revised
June 21) - "House Proposes Flat NIH Budget"
(PDF) - (HTML version) National Science Foundation
(Senate - July 25) - "Senate Endorses 8 Percent
Boost for NSF R&D" (PDF) - (HTML version)
-
(House- June 23) - "House OKs Competitiveness Initiative
Boost for NSF R&D" (PDF) - (HTML version) Special
Analyses: R&D Earmarks (Senate - August 11) - "R&D
Earmarks Headed Toward Records in 2007" (PDF) - (HTML
version)
- (House - July 13) - "House Earmarks
$1.1 Billion for R&D Appropriations" (PDF) - (HTML
version)
March 8 Revised - AAAS Analysis of R&D in the FY
2007 Budget "2007 Budget Proposes
Gains in Defense, Space and
Some Physical Sciences R&D, Cuts in Other
Programs" (HTML) (PDF
version - 15 pp) This analysis is a revised overview of the President's
budget for R&D in FY 2007. All figures in this analysis have been revised
since the February release of the budget and the February
8 Preliminary Analysis. Supplemental information on R&D in the FY
2007 budget is available below; individual agency updates
are also available. -Table
1. R&D in the FY 2007 Budget by Agency
-Table 2. Research in the FY
2007 Budget
-Table 3. Major Functional Categories
of R&D
- Table 4. Homeland Security
R&D
- Table 5. AAAS Analysis of the Outyear
Projections for R&D in the FY 2007 Budget
-
Table 6. R&D by Appropriations Subcommittee
-
Table 7. Interagency Science and Technology Initiatives Updated
links to agency FY 2007 budget documents
March
8 - AAAS Analysis of the Outyear Projections for R&D in the FY 2007 Budget
"Future Gains Projected for NASA
and Physical Sciences,
Cuts in All Other R&D" (HTML) (PDF
version - 7pp) This analysis looks at the outyear projections
for R&D in the FY 2007 budget, with projections for R&D programs from
2008 to 2011. For more information on the outyear projecions, go to the "Guide
to R&D Funding Data - Outyear Projections" page. .
February
8 - AAAS Preliminary Analysis of R&D in the FY 2007 Budget "FY
2007 Budget Proposes Gains in Defense, Space, and Physical Sciences R&D, Cuts
in Other Programs" (HTML) (PDF
version - 14 pp) This analysis is a first look at the President's
budget for R&D in FY 2007. All figures in this analysis are preliminary
estimates of R&D in the FY 2007 budget, and were revised in the March
8 analysis (above).
Agency Updates for FY 2007: U.S.
Dept. of Agriculture (Mar. 3) - "USDA Proposes to Remove
Earmarks, Boost Competitive Grants" (HTML) - (PDF
version) Dept. of Commerce (Mar. 6) - "Commerce
R&D Falls Despite Big Proposed Gains For NIST Labs" (HTML) -
(PDF version) Dept. of Defense (Feb. 22) - "DOD
Proposes Research Cuts, Weapons Gains in Record-Setting 2007 Budget" (HTML)
- (PDF version) Dept. of Energy (Feb. 24) -
"DOE Science Gains 14 Percent, Energy R&D Slides
in 2007 Budget" (HTML) - (PDF version) Dept.
of Homeland Security (Feb. 28) - "DHS R&D Falls
in 2007 Budget" (HTML) - (PDF version) Dept.
of the Interior (Mar. 2) - "2007 Budget Proposes USGS
R&D Cuts" (HTML) - (PDF version) Dept.
of Transportation (Mar. 2) - "DOT R&D Falls from
Record High in 2007" (HTML) - (PDF version) Dept.
of Veterans Affairs (Mar. 1) - "VA R&D Remains Flat
in 2007 Budget" (HTML) - (PDF version) Environmental
Protection Agency (Feb. 28) - "EPA R&D Funding Falls
Again in 2007 Proposal" (HTML) - (PDF version) National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (Feb. 28) - "NASA
R&D Gains, But Steep Cuts Loom for Research" (HTML) - (PDF
version) National Institutes of Health (Feb. 23) - "NIH
Budget Remains Flat in 2007" (HTML) - (PDF version) National
Science Foundation (Feb. 23) - "Large Boost to
NSF Proposed for 2007" (HTML) - (PDF version)
Tables on FY 2007 R&D Request by character of work (PDF):
(Tables and charts below have been REVISED since the February release
of the budget.)
-Table. Total R&D by Agency
(REVISED 3/06)
-Table. Basic Research by Agency
(REVISED 3/06)
-Table. Applied Research by Agency
(REVISED 3/06)
-Table. Research in the FY 2007 Budget
(REVISED 3/06)
-Table. Development by Agency
(REVISED 3/06)
-Table. Conduct of R&D by Agency
(REVISED 3/06)
-Table. R&D Facilities and Capital
Equipment by Agency (REVISED 3/06) Agency tables (from
the forthcoming AAAS Report XXXI: R&D FY 2007) Table
II-1. R&D in the FY 2007 Budget by Agency and Character of Work (REVISED
3/06)
Table II-2. R&D in the Department of Defense (2/06)
Table II-3. DOD R&D by Military Departments and
Agencies (2/06)
Table II-4. Department of Defense
Basic Research ("6.1") by Program (2/06)
Table
II-5. DOD S&T Programs ("6.1" - "6.3") (2/06)
Table II-6. R&D in the Department of Homeland Security
(REVISED 2/06)
- - Chart. R&D in the FY 2007 DHS
Budget (REVISED 2/06)
- - Chart. DHS R&D
Priorities, FY 2005-2007 (REVISED 2/06)
- - Chart.
DHS Budget, FY 2007 (2/06)
Table II-7. R&D
in the National Science Foundation (2/06)
- - Chart.
NSF Budget, 2000-2007 (2/06)
- - Chart. NSF Budget
by Directorate, 2000-2007 (2/06)
Table II-8. R&D
in the Department of Health and Human Services (REVISED 2/06)
Table
II-9. R&D in the National Institutes of Health, by Institute (REVISED
2/06)
Table II-10. National Institutes of Health
by Funding Mechanism (2/06)
- - Chart. NIH FY
2007 Budget by Funding Mechanism (2/06)
- - Chart.
NIH Research Project Grants History (2/06)
- - Chart.
NIH Budget by Institute, 1996-2007 (2/06)
- - Chart.
NIH Budget by Funding Mechanism, 1996-2007 (2/06)
- - Table.
NIH Support of Research, FY 2002 (10/04)
- - Chart.
NIH Funding of Research by Discipline, FY 2002 (10/04)
- - Chart.
NIH Share of Federal Research by Selected Discipline (10/04)
Table
II-11. R&D in the Department of Energy (REVISED 2/06)
- - Chart.
R&D in the DOE Office of Science, 1987-2007 (REVISED 2/06) - Data
Table
- - Chart. Trends in DOE R&D, 1990-2007
(REVISED 2/06)
Table II-12. R&D in the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (REVISED 2/06)
- - Chart.
Trends in the NASA Budget, 2000-2011 (3/06)
Table
II-13. R&D in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (preliminary 2/06)
Table II-14. R&D in the Department of Commerce
(REVISED 2/06)
Table II-15. R&D in the Department
of Transportation (REVISED 3/06)
Table II-16. R&D
in the Department of the Interior (REVISED 2/06)
Table
II-17. R&D in the Environmental Protection Agency (REVISED 2/06)
Table II-18. R&D in the Department of Education
(2/06)
Table II-19. R&D in the Department of
Veterans Affairs (2/06) Other Tables -Table.
Major Functional Categories of R&D (REVISED 3/06)
-Table.
R&D by Appropriations Subcommittee in the FY 2007 Budget (REVISED 3/06)
-Table. "Federal Science and Technology Budget"
by Agency (2/06)
-Table. Interagency S&T Initiatives
in the FY 2007 Budget (REVISED 2/06)
- - - Chart.
Networking and IT R&D, FY 1991-2007 (REVISED 2/06)
- - - Chart.
Nanoscale Science and Engineering, FY 1999-2007 (preliminary 2/06)
- -
- Chart. Climate Change Science Program, FY 1997-2007
(preliminary 2/06)
- - - Table. Climate Change Technology Program by Agency
(3/06)
-Table. Federal Homeland Security R&D by Agency
(REVISED 2/06)
- - - Chart. FY 2007 Homeland Security
R&D by Agency (REVISED 2/06)
- - - Chart. Federal
Homeland Security R&D, FY 1998-2007 (REVISED 2/06)
-Charts. The first pie chart shows that the top seven federal sponsors of R&D
provide 96 percent of all federal support for R&D, with DOD the largest sponsor.
The second pie chart shows that in basic research, NIH is by far the largest sponsor.
For all research, the picture is similar. Another chart shows proposed changes
for FY 2007 and the relative sizes of the R&D budgets in the seven largest
agencies. The fifth chart shows the proposed R&D budget for FY 2007 by character
of work; the character of work is quite different for defense and nondefense R&D.
Development is by far the largest component of defense R&D; by contrast, basic
research is the largest category in nondefense R&D. The remaining charts illustrate
the tables above.
-Chart. FY 2007 R&D by Agency
(REVISED 3/06)
-Chart. FY 2007 Basic Research by Agency
(REVISED 3/06)
-Chart. FY 2007 Research by Agency
(REVISED 3/06)
-Chart. R&D in the "Big Seven"
Agencies, FY 2005-2007 (REVISED 3/06)
-Chart. Defense
and Nondefense R&D by Character of Work, FY 2007 (REVISED 3/06)
-Chart.
FY 2007 R&D by Function (REVISED 3/06)
-Chart.
R&D by Appropriations Subcommittee FY 2007 (REVISED 3/06)
There
is a chart comparing the FY 2007 request to FY 2006. The chart shows percentage
changes between FY 2006 and FY 2007 for the 12 largest R&D funding agencies.
-Chart. FY 2007 R&D Request, Percent Change from
FY 2006 (REVISED 3/06) Back
to Main Guide to R&D Funding Data Page
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