Table 1. R&D in the FY 2000 Budget by Agency
(budget authority in millions of dollars)

	FY 1998	FY 1999	FY 2000	Change FY 99-00
	Actual	Estimate	Budget	Amount	Percent
Total R&D (Conduct and Facilities)
Defense (military)	37,569	37,975	35,065	-2,909	-7.7%
- S&T (6.1-6.3)	7,712	7,791	7,386	-405	-5.2%
- All Other DOD R&D	29,857	30,184	27,679	-2,505	-8.3%
Health and Human Services	13,842	15,750	16,047	297	1.9%
- Nat'l Institutes of Health	13,110	14,971	15,289	318	2.1%
NASA	9,751	9,715	9,770	55	0.6%
Energy	6,351	6,974	7,467	493	7.1%
Nat'l Science Foundation	2,501	2,714	2,890	176	6.5%
Agriculture	1,561	1,660	1,850	190	11.4%
Commerce	1,091	1,075	1,172	97	9.0%
- NOAA	581	600	600	0	0.0%
- NIST	503	468	565	97	20.8%
Interior	472	499	590	91	18.2%
Transportation	590	603	836	233	38.7%
Environ. Protection Agency	637	669	645	-24	-3.5%
All Other	1,515	1,648	1,579	-69	-4.2%
	______	______	______	______
Total R&D	75,879	79,282	77,910	-1,371	-1.7%
.
Defense	40,571	41,208	38,483	-2,726	-6.6%
Nondefense	35,307	38,073	39,428	1,354	3.6%
.
Basic Research	15,522	17,286	18,102	816	4.7%
Applied Research	15,461	16,559	16,649	90	0.5%
Development	42,600	43,051	40,749	-2,302	-5.3%
R&D Facilities and Equipment	2,296	2,386	2,411	25	1.0%
.
"FS&T" 1	45,191	48,257	49,410	1,152	2.4%

Source: AAAS, based on OMB data for R&D for FY 2000, agency budget justifications, and information from agency budget offices.

¹ An alternative measure for the federal investment in science and technology proposed by the National Academy of Sciences. This measure includes all federal R&D except for advanced development, testing and evaluation work in DOD and DOE.

March 23, 1999 - Revised - FINAL

Table 2. Major Functional Categories of R&D ¹
(budget authority in millions of dollars)

	FY 1998	FY 1999	FY 2000	Change FY 99-00		% Share of
	Actual	Estimate	Budget	Amount	Percent	Total ('00)
Defense	40,571	41,208	38,483	-2,726	-6.6%	49.4%
.
Nondefense 2	35,307	38,073	39,428	1,354	3.6%	50.6%
.
Space	8,428	8,518	8,704	185	2.2%	11.2%
Health	14,389	16,379	16,664	285	1.7%	21.4%
Energy 3	957	1,173	1,353	180	15.3%	1.7%
General Science	4,980	5,365	5,668	303	5.6%	7.3%
Environment 4	1,925	2,020	2,110	90	4.5%	2.7%
Agriculture	1,369	1,449	1,608	159	10.9%	2.1%
Transportation	1,913	1,799	1,902	102	5.7%	2.4%
Commerce	509	474	571	97	20.5%	0.7%
International	169	171	123	-48	-28.1%	0.2%
All Other	670	724	725	1	0.1%	0.9%
	______	______	______	______		______
Total R&D	75,879	79,282	77,910	-1,371	-1.7%	100.0%

Source: Authors' estimates based on data from OMB and agency budget justifications. Classifications generally follow the government's budget function categories except health (which here includes health R&D in HHS and VA). All figures are rounded to the nearest million. Changes calculated from unrounded figures.
¹ Includes conduct of R&D and R&D facilities.
² Includes all R&D not in defense.
³ Does not reflect proposed deferral of Clean Coal Technology resources.
⁴ Includes natural resources R&D.

March 23, 1999 Revised - FINAL

Table 3. Research in the FY 2000 Budget
(budget authority in millions of dollars)

	FY 1998	FY 1999	FY 2000	Change FY 99-00
	Actual	Estimate	Budget	Amount	Percent
BASIC RESEARCH
Defense (military)	1,012	1,108	1,113	5	0.5%
Health and Human Services	7,356	8,429	8,590	160	1.9%
- Nat'l Institutes of Health	7,355	8,427	8,588	160	1.9%
NASA	2,013	2,140	2,466	326	15.2%
Energy	2,094	2,225	2,281	55	2.5%
Nat'l Science Foundation	2,115	2,333	2,514	181	7.8%
Agriculture	607	689	776	87	12.7%
Commerce (NIST)	35	36	38	2	6.5%
Interior	48	50	54	4	8.0%
Transportation	8	16	9	-7	-44.4%
Environ. Protection Agency	57	83	79	-4	-4.8%
Smithsonian	126	128	136	8	6.3%
Veterans Affairs	23	20	19	0	-1.7%
All Other	27	29	27	-2	-6.9%
	______	______	______	______
Total Basic Research	15,522	17,286	18,102	816	4.7%
.
RESEARCH (basic + applied)
Defense (military)	3,922	4,259	4,072	-187	-4.4%
Health and Human Services	11,983	13,657	13,899	242	1.8%
- Nat'l Institutes of Health	11,289	12,915	13,171	256	2.0%
NASA	4,405	4,468	4,424	-44	-1.0%
Energy	3,828	4,103	4,379	276	6.7%
Nat'l Science Foundation	2,286	2,513	2,699	185	7.4%
Agriculture	1,335	1,436	1,643	206	14.4%
Commerce	799	846	878	32	3.8%
- NOAA	497	544	543	-1	-0.2%
- NIST	296	296	329	33	11.2%
Interior	442	468	560	92	19.7%
Transportation	386	397	576	179	45.0%
Environ. Protection Agency	477	470	447	-23	-4.9%
Veterans Affairs	534	608	597	-11	-1.8%
Education	153	157	174	17	10.8%
Agency for Int'l Develop.	124	116	86	-30	-25.9%
Smithsonian	126	128	136	8	6.3%
All Other	183	218	181	-37	-17.0%
	______	______	______	______
Total Research	30,983	33,845	34,751	906	2.7%

Source: AAAS, based on OMB data for R&D for FY 2000, agency budget justifications, and information from agency budget offices.

March 23, 1999 - Revised - FINAL

Table 4. Federal Support for Conduct of R&D at Colleges and Universities
(budget authority in millions of dollars)

	FY 1998	FY 1999	FY 2000	Change FY 99-00		% Share of
	Actual	Estimate	Budget	Amount	Percent	Total ('00)
Health & Human Services	8,194	9,480	9,566	86	0.9%	61.8%
Nat'l Science Foundation	1,952	2,156	2,325	169	7.9%	15.0%
Defense (Military)	1,053	931	936	5	0.5%	6.0%
NASA	910	954	914	-40	-4.2%	5.9%
Energy	660	661	685	24	3.6%	4.4%
Agriculture	442	418	493	75	17.9%	3.2%
Environ. Protection Agency	170	178	169	-9	-5.1%	1.1%
Interior	24	24	44	20	83.3%	0.3%
Transportation	76	67	76	9	13.4%	0.5%
Commerce	86	82	82	0	0.0%	0.5%
Education	128	137	164	27	19.7%	1.1%
Nuclear Reg. Comm.	5	4	4	0	0.0%	0.0%
Postal Service	5	5	5	0	0.0%	0.0%
Social Security	5	36	23	-13	-36.1%	0.1%
	______	______	______	______
Total Federal R&D at Colleges and Universities	13,710	15,133	15,486	354	2.3%	100.0%

Source: AAAS, based on OMB supporting data for R&D, agency budget justifications, and information from agency budget offices.
March 23, 1999 - Revised - FINAL

Table 5. AAAS Analysis of the Outyear Projections for R&D in the FY 2000 Budget
(budget authority in millions of dollars)

	FY 1999	FY 2000	FY 2001	FY 2002	FY 2003	FY 2004	% Change FY 99-04
	Estimate	Budget	Projected	Projected	Projected	Projected	current $	constant $
Total R&D (Conduct and Facilities)
Defense (military)	37,975	35,065	34,980	35,377	35,212	35,719	-5.9%	-15.1%
Health & Human Services	15,750	16,047	16,047	16,047	16,047	16,047	1.9%	-8.1%
- Nat'l Institutes of Health	14,971	15,289	15,289	15,289	15,289	15,289	2.1%	-7.9%
NASA	9,715	9,770	9,873	9,860	9,848	9,834	1.2%	-8.7%
Energy	6,974	7,467	7,472	7,472	7,457	7,457	6.9%	-3.5%
- Defense	3,234	3,417	3,417	3,417	3,417	3,417	5.7%	-4.7%
- Nondefense	3,740	4,049	4,054	4,054	4,039	4,039	8.0%	-2.6%
Nat'l Science Foundation	2,714	2,890	2,948	2,931	2,905	2,907	7.1%	-3.4%
Agriculture	1,660	1,850	1,749	1,749	1,749	1,749	5.3%	-5.0%
Commerce	1,075	1,172	1,101	1,084	1,083	1,085	0.9%	-8.9%
Interior	499	590	590	590	590	590	18.2%	6.7%
Transportation	603	836	854	868	887	901	49.5%	34.9%
Environ. Protection Agcy.	669	645	645	645	645	645	-3.5%	-13.0%
All Other	1,648	1,579	1,579	1,579	1,579	1,579	-4.2%	-13.6%
	______	______	______	______	______	______
Total R&D	79,282	77,910	77,836	78,203	78,002	78,512	-1.0%	-10.7%
.
Defense R&D	41,208	38,483	38,397	38,795	38,630	39,137	-5.0%	-14.3%
Nondefense R&D	38,073	39,428	39,439	39,408	39,372	39,376	3.4%	-6.7%
.
"FS&T"	48,257	49,410	49,350	49,409	49,522	49,766	3.1%	-7.0%

Source: AAAS analyses of defense and nondefense R&D, based on detailed budget account projections in the Public Budget Database of the Budget of the United States Government FY 2000. FY 1999 figures represent latest agency estimates of R&D. FY 2000 figures represent latest revised agency requests. Constant dollar conversions based on GDP deflators from OMB.
The two detailed analyses (one for defense R&D and one for nondefense R&D) containing agency details and methodology, and other data on federal R&D are available on the World Wide Web at http://www.aaas.org/spp/R&D/ in the "Guide to R&D Funding Data" section.

March 23, 1999 - Revised - FINAL

Table 6. R&D Funding by Congressional Appropriations Subcommittee
(budget authority in millions of dollars)

	FY 1998	FY 1999	FY 2000	Change FY 99-00
	Actual	Estimate	Budget	Amount	Percent
Defense 1	37,569	37,975	35,065	-2,909	-7.7%
VA, HUD, Independent Agencies	13,513	13,820	14,017	197	1.4%
Labor, HHS, Education	14,040	15,977	16,279	302	1.9%
Energy & Water	5,978	6,453	6,814	361	5.6%
Interior	1,303	1,493	1,745	251	16.8%
Agriculture	1,475	1,553	1,719	166	10.7%
Commerce, Justice, State	1,153	1,147	1,221	74	6.5%
Transportation	590	603	836	233	38.7%
Foreign Operations	169	171	123	-48	-28.1%
Treasury, Postal, Gen. Gov't.	90	90	91	1	1.1%
	______	______	______
Total R&D	75,879	79,282	77,910	-1,371	-1.7%

Source: AAAS, based on estimates for R&D from OMB and agency data.
¹ Some DOD R&D may be funded in Military Construction.

R&D as Percent of Discretionary Appropriations by Appropriations Subcommittee
(budget authority in billions of dollars)
(President's FY 2000 Request)

	FY 2000	FY 2000	R&D as %	Agencies and
	R&D	Discr. 3	of Discr.	Programs
Defense 1	35.1	262.9	13.3%	Most DOD
VA, HUD, Independent Agencies	14.0	69.6	20.1%	VA, HUD, NSF, NASA, EPA
Labor, HHS, Education	16.3	89.4	18.2%	Labor, HHS, Education
Energy & Water	6.8	21.5	31.7%	Most of DOE, Corps of Eng., NRC
Interior	1.7	15.0	11.6%	Interior, some DOE, FS, Smithsonian
Agriculture	1.7	13.7	12.5%	Most of USDA (except Forest Serv.)
Commerce, Justice, State	1.2	36.9	3.3%	Commerce, Justice, State
Transportation	0.8	12.8	6.5%	Department of Transportation
Foreign Operations	0.1	14.6	0.8%	Agcy. for Int'l Development; Int'l Orgs.
Treasury, Postal, Gen. Gov't.	0.1	13.4	0.7%	Treasury, Executive Branch
All Other 2	0.0	8.3	0.0%	Congress, some DOD, DC
	______	______
Total	77.9	558.1	14.0%
.
Defense Discretionary	38.5	281.6	13.7%	DOD and DOE nuclear weapons
Nondefense Discretionary	39.4	276.5	14.3%	All other discretionary

Source: AAAS, based on estimates of R&D and Budget of the U.S. Government FY 2000.
¹ Some DOD R&D may be funded in Military Construction (in "All Other").
² District of Columbia, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction.
³ Includes discretionary spending from the Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund.
NOTE: Discretionary budget authority does not include limitations on obligations from transportation trust funds. Discretionary totals are not reduced by offsets.

March 23, 1999 - FINAL