THE REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE IS NOW AVAILABLE ONLINE AT

http://www.aaas.org/spp/sfrl/projects/report.pdf

For a print version, please contact Mark Frankel

 
April 10-11, 2000
Convened by the

American Association for the Advancement of Science
and

U.S. Office of Research Integrity

Washington, DC
 
Main Page Agenda Conference Registration Conference Registration
 
Speaker Biographies
 
Robert Baum, Ph.D
Dr. Baum is a Professor of Philosophy and Director of the University of Florida's Center for Applied Philosophy and Ethics in the Professions. He received his BA from Northwestern University and his PhD from Ohio State. He has been working in the area of professional ethics for thirty years and has published a number of books and articles on applied ethics. He set up and served as the first director of the Ethics Program of the National Science Foundation and has served as a member of the ethics committees of several major professional societies, including the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is the editor of two journals -- Professional Ethics and Business & Professional Ethics Journal.
 
Merry Bullock, PhD
Dr. Bullock is currently the Associate Executive Director for Science at the American Psychological Association. She is Deputy Secretary-General of the International Union of Psychological Sciences (1997-present), associate editor of the International Journal of Psychology, and on the editorial board of Applied Developmental Psychology. Bullock earned her Bachelor's degree cum laude from Brown University in 1971 and doctorate from the University of Pennsylvania in 1979. She has taught and done research in Canada (Faculty, University of British Columbia, 1979-1984), Germany (Visiting Professor and Senior Research Associate, Max Planck Institute 1985-1993), and Estonia (Visiting Professor, University of Tartu; Director, EuroCollege, University of Tartu). She has also held positions at the National Science Foundation (Program Officer, 1994-95) and American Psychological Association (Senior Scientist, 1995-97), and has served as Science Policy Advisor to the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Dr. Bullock is a member and fellow of the American Psychological Association and the American Psychological Society. She has served on numerous editorial boards and commissions.
 
Addeane S. Caelleigh
Ms. Caelleigh has been the editor of Academic Medicine, the journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, since 1988. She teaches seminars on publishing, has been officer and committee member with regional and national organizations for editors, and writes on editorial policy and integrity in research and publishing.
 
Joe S. Cecil, JD, PhD
Dr. Cecil is a Project Director in the Division of Research at the Federal Judicial Center. Currently he is directing the Center's Program on Scientific and Technical Evidence. As part of this program he served as principal editor of the Center's Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence. He also published several articles on the use of court-appointed experts. He is currently directing a research project that examines the difficulties that arise with expert testimony in federal courts. Dr. Cecil received his JD and a PhD in psychology from Northwestern University where he also taught in both the law school and graduate school. He serves on the editorial boards of social science and legal journals, and served as a member of a panel of the National Academy of Sciences examining confidentiality of research data. Other areas of research interest include federal civil and appellate procedure, and jury competence in complex civil litigation.
 
Rosemary Chalk
Ms. Chalk is senior program officer with the Committee on Immunization Finance Policies and Practices at the Institute of Medicine in Washington, DC. She has directed and served as the study director for several projects within the National Research Council since 1986, including studies on special educational finance, family violence, child abuse and neglect, and research ethics. Academy reports that she has edited include: Violence in Families (1998), Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect (1993), and Responsible Science (1992). Prior to joining the Academy staff, Ms. Chalk was a consultant for science and society research projects in Cambridge, MA. She was the program head of the Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility of the American Association for the Advancement of Science from 1976-86, during which time she developed projects in the areas of science and human rights, secrecy and social responsibility in science, and professional ethics activities within the science and engineering societies. Ms. Chalk has a BA in foreign affairs from the University of Cincinnati.
 
Mark S. Frankel, PhD
Dr. Frankel has been director of the Scientific Freedom, Responsibility and Law Program at the American Association for the Advancement of Science since 1990 where he develops and manages the Association's activities related to professional ethics, science and society, and science and law. He is staff officer for two AAAS committees--the Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility and the AAAS-American Bar Association National Conference of Lawyers and Scientists--and editor of the Association's quarterly publication, Professional Ethics Report. He has directed several AAAS projects on research integrity and scientific misconduct, and is a Fellow of AAAS.
 
John S. Gardenier, DBA, MA
Mr. Gardenier has worked as a survey statistician at the National Center for Health Statistics, a component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, since March 1990. Prior to that, for twenty years he directed extensive research into prevention of maritime spills of oil and hazardous chemicals at U. S. Coast Guard. A long time member of AAAS and several other professional societies, he recently concluded four years as Chair of the Committee on Professional Ethics, American Statistical Association. There, he led development of a comprehensive set of "Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice," which are applicable to all persons who use statistical methods in their professional work. Those Those guidelines may be found at: http://www.amstat.org/profession/ethicalstatistics.html
 
Robert Hauck, PhD
Dr. Hauck received a BA with honors in government at Colby College, a MA in Far Eastern Languages and Civilizations (China) and a PhD in political science from the University of Chicago. He is Deputy Director of the American Political Science Association, Editor of the Association's journal of the profession, PS: Political Science & Politics, and Director of the Association's Centennial Campaign celebrating the development of political science in the United States. He is also Visiting Associate Professor, Smith College and a Visiting Lecturer in the Center for Special Studies of Holy Cross College. Before joining the APSA staff, he taught at Vanderbilt University and served as Research Associate and Assistant Director of the Center for the Study of Children and Families in the Vanderbilt Institute for Public Policy Studies; and Assistant Director of the Mental Health Policy Post-Doctoral Fellowship Program. He has been a consultant to The Preventive Intervention Research Center of Einstein College of Medicine. His research interests are in the area of public policy formation in general and medical care policy in particular. He teaches in the areas of public policy and American politics.
 
Anne Hudson Jones, PhD
Dr. Jones is a professor in the Institute for the Medical Humanities of the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, where she has taught courses in medical and scientific writing, medical ethics, and literature and medicine. She was a founding editor of the Journal of Literature and Medicine, where she served as editor-in-chief for more than a decade. In 1999, she received the McGovern Award for Excellence in Medical Communication from the Southwest Chapter of the American Medical Writers Association. With Faith McLellan, she is coeditor of Ethical Issues in Biomedical Publication (Johns Hopkins University Press, April 2000).
 
Joyce Miller Iutcovich
Dr. Iutcovich is President of Keystone University Research Corporation in Erie, Pennsylvania, a private research and consulting organization. Also holding an academic position for over 20 years, she served at both Villa Maria College and Gannon University from 1978 through 1999. Her consulting and research activities focus on social policy and evaluation research, with emphasis in the areas of child day care, education and training, aging, and deviance. Dr. Iutcovich received her PhD in sociology from Kent State University. Her tenure on the Committee on Professional Ethics (COPE) of the American Sociological Association began in 1993 when the code revision process was initiated. She served as co-chair and chair of COPE in 1998.
 
Jeffrey Kahn, PhD, MPH

Dr. Kahn is Director of the Center for Bioethics, and Associate Professor in the Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine. He also holds faculty appointments in the Division of Health Services Research and Policy, School of Public Health; and in the Department of Philosophy. Prior to joining the faculty at the University of Minnesota, Dr. Kahn was Director of the Graduate Program in Bioethics and Assistant Professor of Bioethics, at the Medical College of Wisconsin. From April 1994 to October 1995, he was Associate Director of the White House Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments. The Committee's work culminated in the publication of a thousand page report, published in book form by Oxford University Press under the title The Human Radiation Experiments (1996). Dr. Kahn works in a variety of areas of bioethics, exploring the intersection of ethics and public health policy, including research ethics, ethics and genetics, and ethical issues in public health. His degrees are in microbiology (BA, UCLA, 1983); health policy (MPH, Johns Hopkins, 1988); and philosophy/bioethics (PhD, Georgetown, 1989). He has recently published a book examining justice and research ethics, entitled Beyond Consent: Seeking Justice in Research, published by Oxford University Press; and writes the bi-weekly column "Ethics Matters" on CNN Interactive (CNN.com).

 
John M. Kennedy, Ph.D
Dr. Kennedy has been a member of the faculty at Indiana University since August 1987. His current positions are director of the Center for Survey Research, associate director of the Institute of Social Research, and adjunct associate professor of sociology. Dr. Kennedy was previously employed as a statistician in the Research and Evaluation Branch of the Housing Division of the US Bureau of the Census and as an assistant professor of sociology and director of the Institute for Social Research at the University of Hartford. He received his PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University in 1986. He chaired the American Sociological Association's Committee on Professional Ethics from 1995 through 1997.
 
John A. N. (JAN) Lee, PhD
Dr. Lee is a Professor of Computer Science at Virginia Tech, and a member of the Center for the Study of Science in Society. He has taught a highly innovative course entitled "Professionalism in Computing" since 1984 and maintains a web-based digital library resource for teachers of similar courses. He has served as the IEEE Computer Society representative to the International Federation for Information Processing Technical Committee on the Social Impact of the Computer since 1992. He is currently the secretary of the committee and maintains the committee collection of codes of ethics/practice/conduct. He is a member of the Distinguished Visitor for the IEEE Computer Society, organizing workshops and lectures on computer ethics and history.
 
Felice J. Levine, Ph.D
Dr. Levine is the Executive Officer of the American Sociological Association (ASA). Prior to joining ASA in 1991, she served as a Program Director at the National Science Foundation (1979-91) and as Senior Research Social Scientist at the American Bar Foundation (1974-83). She received her AB, AM, and PhD from the University of Chicago in sociology and social psychology. Her research has focused on at-risk behavior in children and youth. She has also specialized in science policy issues, including research ethics and the protection of human subjects. Dr. Levine worked with the Committee on Professional Ethics on the revised Code of Ethics adopted in 1997. She currently chairs the Executive Committee of the Consortium of Social Science Associations.
 
Eliot Marshall
Mr. Marshall is a senior correspondent for the news section of Science Magazine, published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He has written and edited articles on a variety of science policy topics, ranging from missile defense research to space science and gene therapy. Over the years, he has covered a variety of controversies in the scientific community, including litigation over biomedical patents, conflict between the academic and private sectors in genome research, the use of human subjects in clinical research, and scientific misconduct. Before joining the news staff of Science in 1979, he was a writer and editor at The New Republic (TNR) in Washington, where he covered--among many topics--the oil supply panic of the 1970s and attempts to restrict the use of nuclear power to generate electricity. While at TNR, he received the Sidney Hillman Prize for a series of articles on the rising cost of health care and the impact of regulation on the quality of care. He received an undergraduate degree from Harvard University in English (1971) and was a Knight Journalism Fellow at Stanford University (1985).
 
Faith McLellan, PhD
Dr. McLellan has been a medical writer and editor for two academic departments of anesthesiology. She was a contributing editor of The Lancet and is a member of the Board of Directors of the Council of Science Editors. With Anne Hudson Jones, PhD, she is coeditor of Ethical Issues in Biomedical Publication, forthcoming in April 2000 from Johns Hopkins University Press. Until February 2000, McLellan was an editor at the American College of Physicians. Currently, she is the Vice-President for Communications and Editor-in-Chief of Second Opinion, a publication of the Park Ridge Center for the Study of Faith, Health, and Ethics, in Chicago.
 
Barbara Mishkin, JD

Ms. Mishkin concentrates on the federal regulation of biomedical research, particularly scientific misconduct, university/industry relations, research involving human subjects, and grants administration. Her clients are primarily universities, medical schools, and research institutions. Ms. Mishkin also is experienced in the rights of patients to privacy, confidentiality, and control over their health care. She has written and lectured extensively on the regulation of biomedical research, scientific misconduct, and biomedical ethics, and is a frequent consultant to the federal government on legislative and regulatory issues. Prior to joining Hogan & Hartson in 1983, Ms. Mishkin served as Deputy Director of the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research from 1980-83. Ms. Mishkin's previous positions at the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare included: Staff Director, HEW Ethics Advisory Board; Assistant Staff Director, National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects; and Research Psychologist, Section on Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health. Ms. Mishkin has also served as Special Assistant for Health Sciences to the Honorable David L. Bazelon (then, Chief Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals, D.C. Circuit).

 
Carl Mitcham, PhD
Although his professional discipline is philosophy, for more than 25 years Carl Mitcham has worked with engineers and scientists at Brooklyn Polytechnic University, Pennsylvania State University, and the Colorado School of Mines, where he is currently Professor of Liberal Arts and International Studies and Coordinator of an Ethics-Across-The-Curriculum Program. Mitcham's publications include Thinking through Technology: The Path between Engineering and Philosophy (University of Chicago Press, 1994) and The Engineer's Toolkit: Engineering Ethics (Prentice Hall, 2000). For the last five years, from 1994-2000, he also served as a member of the Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
 
Sangeeta Panicker, PhD
Dr. Panicker received her Bachelor's (Psychology) and Masters' (Clinical Psychology) degrees from the University of Bombay. She then earned a second Master's degree at the University of Cincinnati in Psychopharmacology. Dr. Panicker completed her graduate education, in 1997, with a doctoral degree in Applied Experimental Psychology from The Catholic University of America. Since 1996, she has held the position of Research Ethics Officer, at the Science Directorate of the American Psychological Association. Dr.. Panicker is a member of the Society for Neuroscience and the International Brain Research Organization.
 
Chris B. Pascal, JD
Mr. Pascal currently holds the position of Acting Director, Office of Research Integrity, within the Office of Public Health and Science at the Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland. Mr. Pascal began his government career over 20 years ago by working as Chief Counsel for the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. After 15 years, he became Chief Counsel for the Office of Research Integrity within the U.S. Public Health Service, moving on three years later to become Director of the Division of Research Investigations. Shortly thereafter, Mr. Pascal assumed his present position. Mr. Pascal took his baccalaureate degree at Auburn University and his JD degree at Duke University School of Law. He did a postdoctoral fellowship in psychology and law in the Psychiatry Department at Duke University Medical Center.
 
Peter Poon, JD
Mr. Poon is Ethics and Health Policy Associate in the Center for Ethics and Professionalism, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. His activities include research and policy development on various bioethics issues and handling ethics complaints against College members. Prior to his position at ACP-ASIM, he worked for six years as an attorney for the Office of Research Integrity, Department of Health and Human Services, where he assisted in prosecuting scientific misconduct. In 1999, Mr. Poon received a Master's degree in Bioethics from the University of Washington. He also holds a Bachelor's degree in Biomedical Ethics from Brown University and a law degree from the University of California at Berkeley.
 
Larry Rhoades, PhD

Dr. Rhoades has been involved in the Public Health Service effort to respond to scientific misconduct since June 1989. Initially, he served as Deputy Director of the Office of Scientific Integrity Review until it was merged with the Office of Scientific Integrity to form the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) in June 1992. In ORI, he served as Deputy Director of the Division of Policy and Education until January 1993, when he assumed his current position as Director of the Division. Prior to the scientific misconduct effort, Dr. Rhoades worked at the National Institute of Mental Health from 1981-1989, primarily in the Office of Policy Analysis and Coordination. Before he joined government service, he was the Executive Associate for Programs at the American Sociological Association (ASA) from 1997-1981. He also served as an Executive Associate at the ASA during the 1974-75 academic year while on a leave of absence from North Carolina State University, where he was a member of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology from 1971-1977.

 
David Lee Robinson, PhD
Dr. Robinson began his career at the NIH as an intramural scientist studying visual attention and coordination of head/eye movements in primates. He was Chief of the Section on Visual Behavior of the National Eye Institute. After the conception of the role of the NIH Ombudsman, Dr. Robinson served as the first Acting Ombudsman for almost two years. His appointment drew upon his scientific background, experience as a mentor and supervisor, and familiarity with the NIH. He worked to resolve many workplace conflicts, while establishing working relationships with other NIH offices and developing office policies and procedures. Dr. Robinson also completed coursework in the field of dispute resolution.
 
Alan N. Schechter, MD
Dr. Schechter is currently the Chief of the Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases at the National Institutes of Health. He is on the NIH Director's Committee on Scientific Conduct and Ethics and the American Association for the Advancement of Science's Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility. He is a co-author of the NIH's "Guidelines for the Conduct of Research" and "Guide for Training and Mentoring." He serves, or has served, on multiple scientific review committees for the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. For a decade he served as Chair of the Advisory Committee of the DeWitt Stetten, Jr. Museum of Medical Research at NIH. For more than twenty years he has been an officer of the Foundation for Advanced Education in the Sciences (FAES), at NIH. During this period he also was on the teaching faculty of the FAES and of the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland; since 1969 he has regularly taught at the George Washington University School of Medicine in Washington, D.C.
 
Sanyin Siang

Ms. Siang works on a variety of issues that come at the nexus of science, ethics and law at the Directorate for Science and Policy Programs of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Her areas of interest include human subjects research and professional ethics. She recently co-authored a report on the "Ethical and Legal Aspects of Human Subjects Research on the Internet." Siang is Deputy Editor of the Association's quarterly newsletter, Professional Ethics Report and Associate Online Editor for the American Bar Association's Science & Technology Section newsletter, eBLAST. She is also a frequent contributor to ScienceNOW and Science magazine in the arena of science journalism. Ms.Siang received her B.S.E. in biomedical engineering from Duke University.
 
Joan E. Sieber, PhD

Dr. Sieber is Professor of Psychology at California State University, Hayward, and is the 1991 Recipient of the institution's Outstanding Professor Award, and a Fellow of the American Psychological Association. She is an applied social and industrial psychologist. Her work in social and industrial psychology has centered largely around methodology and decision-making behavior. However, her major research emphasis during the last fifteen years has been the behavior of scientists in relation to value issues that arise in science. She frequently presents workshops on ethical problem solving at meetings of professional organizations. Her recent books include Research Ethics: A Psychological Approach (with B. Stanley & G. Melton), Planning Ethically Responsible Research, The Ethics of Social Research, and Social Research on Children & Adolescents (with B. Stanley).

Of particular interest to this conference is her participation as a committee member and chapter author of the forthcoming American Psychological Association book on protection of human subjects in research. Her most recent interests and activities concern the (positive and negative) dynamics of whistle-blowing, research in cyberspace, use of the internet to teach in research ethics and industrial psychology, and discovering how to make ethics committees work in private industry where the research is social and behavioral in nature, and creativity and knowledge are the major industrial products. She has served on IRBs for the State of California, St. Rose Hospital, California State University, Hayward, Zowie, Inc., and Interval Research Corporation; she chairs the committees of the last two of these. She serves on the faculty of PRIM&R (Public Responsibility in Medicine & Research, and is currently involved with their experimental accreditation program for Institutional Review Boards and the larger human research participant protection programs within which they reside.

 
Eleanor Singer, PhD
Dr. Singer is a Senior Research Scientist at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. She has been involved in research on ethics since 1975, especially on issues involving data confidentiality and informed consent, and has written widely on those topics. She is a past president of the American Association for Public Opinion Research and a past Standards Chair of that Association, where she has lobbied for retention of the enforcement provision of its Code of Ethics. She was a member of the National Academy of Sciences panel on confidentiality and data access and authored a chapter on public attitudes toward the privacy of health-care information in the AAAS-sponsored volume, Health Care and Information Ethics (1997).
 
Colin L. Soskolne, PhD, FACE
Dr. Soskolne is Professor of Epidemiology in the Department of Public Health Sciences at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. He obtained his PhD from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia in 1982. He moved to the University of Alberta (from Toronto) in 1985, where he established and directed its epidemiology program. His research formed the basis for the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), in 1991, designating "occupational exposure to strong-inorganic-acid mists containing sulfuric acid" as a definitive human carcinogen. Between 1984 and 1996, Dr. Soskolne spearheaded efforts to bring the question of professional ethics into focus for epidemiologists world wide. He is associated with over 150 published papers, chapters, books, proceedings.
 
Douglas L. Weed, MD, PhD
Dr. Weed is Chief, Office of Preventive Oncology, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute (NIH). He is trained in engineering (BSc 1974) and medicine (MD 1977) from the Ohio State University and public health (MPH 1980) and epidemiology (PhD 1982) from the University of North Carolina. He is a fellow of the American College of Epidemiology and chairs its Ethics and Standards of Practice Committee. He holds academic appointments at Johns Hopkins University, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and Georgetown University, where he is Senior Research Fellow at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics.
 
Julius S. Youngner, PhD
Dr. Youngner is a Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. He is the Chairman of the Ethics Committee of the American Society for Microbiology. He also serves as a member of the Research Integrity Adjudication Panels of the Departmental Appeals Board of the Department of Health and Human Services.
 
Michael J. Zigmond, PhD
Dr. Zigmond is the Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. He was the President of Association of Neuroscience Departments and Programs from1990-91and has been on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Dystonia Medical Research Foundation and Tourette Syndrome Association. He has been the Secretary for the Society for Neuroscience and a recipient of the National Institute of Mental Health Merit Award. He was a Visiting Fellow in Neuroscience at the Children's Hospital in Boston, MA from 1998-1999. Dr. Zigmond received his PhD in biopsychology from the University of Chicago.