Trust and accountability are integral to the research enterprise and the sharing of scientific information. To demonstrate their commitment to protecting the integrity of science, AAAS, in collaboration with the National Academies, has established this website for students, researchers, administrators, and policymakers.

Not only are the materials diverse, but so are the topics they cover. Neither scientific misconduct nor research integrity can be defined by one act, such as fraud, or confined to one actor. Instead, they encompass a range of issues, including authorship, use of research animals, peer review, data sharing and collaboration, protection of human subjects, conflict of interest, and responsible conduct education. The resources have been divided into seven sections: A) Upcoming Events; B) Recent Literature; C) AAAS and National Academies Resources D) Web and Media Resources; E) Policies, Codes, and Guidelines; F) Past Conferences; and G) International Resources with each section sub-divided into relevant categories. Scroll down below to a section to read more about its contents and organization. Please use the Table of Contents on the right-hand side to navigate through the website.

Additionally, we have included the AAAS/ORI bibliography entitled “Select Bibliography and Resources on the Responsible Conduct of Research.” It was posted to the web in 2005 and its citations span from the 1990’s to 2005, though all links were updated and validated in 2007. The bibliography can be accessed here: http://www.aaas.org/spp/sfrl/projects/ori.shtml.

*AAAS would like to thank Leslie Lipsick from Brown University, who interned at AAAS in Summer 2008, for all of her hard work in compiling the presented information and for her help in designing this website.

A) Upcoming Events

September 2008

• “A Research Integrity Education Conference for the Federal Nursing Community.” Sponsored by Uniformed Services University in partnership with ORI, 17 Sep 2008: Uniformed Services University.
  http://www.thechiefinformationgroup.com/conference/091708/index.htm. Valid link, July 2008.

October 2008

• “Engineering, Social Justice, and Sustainable Community Development.” Hosted by National Academy of Engineering Center for Engineering, Ethics, and Society, and co-sponsored by APPE, 2-3 Oct 2008: Washington D.C. Valid link, July 2008.

• “Conference on Challenges and Tensions in International Research Collaborations.” Co-sponsored by ORI and University of Minnesota, 2-3 Oct 2008: University of Minnesota.
  http://www.international.umn.edu/oriconf/index.html. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, 28 Feb 2008.

November 2008

• “59th Annual American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Meeting.” Sponsored by AALAS, 9-13 Nov 2008: Indianapolis. http://nationalmeeting.aalas.org/default.asp. Valid link, July 2008.

• “Advancing Ethical Research Conference: Balancing the Needs of Human Subjects and Science.” Co-sponsored by PRIM&R and Boston University in collaboration with AAMC, 17-19 Nov 2008: Orlando, Florida.
  http://www.primr.org/Conferences.aspx?id=3643. Valid link, July 2008.

February 2009

• “Canadian National Council on Ethics in Human Research 2009 Meeting.” Sponsored by NCEHR, 21-22 Feb 2009: Ottawa. http://www.ncehr-cnerh.org/english/events/ncehr_events.php. Valid link, July 2008.

May 2009

• “Sixteenth Annual Teaching Research Ethics Workshop.” Sponsored by Poynter Center at Indiana University, 12-15 May 2009: Indiana Union Bloomington.
  http://poynter.indiana.edu/tre/workshop.shtml. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, 11 Jul 2008.

• “5th Biennial ORI Research Conference on Research Integrity.” Co-sponsored by ORI and Roswell Park Cancer Institute, 15-17 May 2009: Niagra Falls.
  http://ori.dhhs.gov/conferences/RRI_conference_2009_announcement.shtml. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, 22 Jul 2008.

June 2009

• “15th Annual Trainer-of-Trainers Conference: Teaching Survival Skills and Ethics.” Sponsored by University of Pittsburgh Survival Skills and Ethics Program, 7-12 Jun 2009. http://www.survival.pitt.edu/. Valid link, July 2008.

September 2009

• “Sixth International Congress on Peer Review and Biomedical Publication.” Co-sponsored by JAMA and BMJ, 10-12 Sep 2009: Vancouver. http://www.ama-assn.org/public/peer/peerhome.htm. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, Jun 2008.

Click here for Past Conferences

B) Recent Literature

Listed directly below are articles from the current year. Literature from past years can be found further below.

2008

• News in Brief (2008). “FDA further tightens conflict of interest policies” Nature 454(7206): 815.

• Redman, BK and Merz, JF (2008). “Scientific Misconduct: Do the Punishments Fit the Crime?” Science 321(5890): 775.

• Lok, C (2008). “Harvard Under Review” Nature 454(7205): 686.

• News in Brief (2008). “Stanford Psychiatrist Removed from Drug Study” Nature 454(7205): 679.

• Service, RF (2008). “New Purdue Panel Faults Bubble Fusion Pioneer” Science 321(5888): 473.

• Normile, D (2008). “Paper Retraction Puts Focus on Informed Consent Rules” Science 321(5888): 474.

• Reich, ES (2008). “Fusion verdict: misconduct” Nature 454(7203): 379.

• “Case Summary-Roxana Gonzalez” Office of Research Integrity 22 Jul 2008.

• “Report on the Investigation Committee in the Matter of Dr. Rusi P. Taleyarkhan” Purdue University Investigation Committee. 18 Jul 2008.

• “Purdue panel finds misconduct by fusion scientist” Deanna Martin. Associated Press 18 Jul 2008.

• “Case Summary-J. Keith Hampton” Office of Research Integrity 18 Jul 2008.

• Normile, D (2008). “Old Samples Trip Up Tokyo Team” Science 321(5887): 324. 

• “When Human Rights Extend to Nonhumans” Donald G. McNeil Jr. The New York Times 11 Jul 2008.

• News Brief (2008). “Training for human studies may become mandatory” Nature 454: 150.

• Wright, DE, Titus, SL, and Cornelison, JB (2008). “Mentoring and Research Misconduct: An Analysis of Research Mentoring in Closed ORI Cases” Science and Engineering Ethics (Online).

• Alberts, B, Hanson, B, and Kelner, KL (2008). “Reviewing Peer Review” Science 321(5885): 15.

• Abbott, A (2008). “Neuroscientist: My Data Published Without Authorization Are ‘Misleading.’” Nature 454: 6-7.

• Holloway, RG, Mooney, CJ, Getchius, TS, Edlund, WS, and Miyasaki, JO. “Conflicts of interest for authors of American Academy of Neurology clinical practice guidelines” Neurology 71(1):57-63.

• “Years Later, Still Asking: Would I Pull That Switch?” Benedict Carey. The New York Times 30 Jun 2008.

• Titus, SL, Wells, JA, and Rhoades, LJ (2008). “Repairing Research Integrity” Nature 453(7198): 980-982. 

• “VA testing drugs on war veterans” Audrey Hudson. The Washington Times 17 Jun 2008.

• “Protests at UC animal-lab workers' homes” Phillip Matier and Andrew Ross. San Francisco Chronicle 11 Jun 2008.

• “Researchers Fail to Reveal Full Drug Pay” Gardiner Harris and Benedict Carey. The New York Times 8 Jun 2008.

• Dyer, O (2008). “Southall faces accusations of ethically flawed research” BMJ 336(7656): 1270.

• Tuffs, A (2008). “University calls for mobile phone research to be withdrawn after technician admits faking data” BMJ 336(7656): 1270.

• “NIH to Overhaul Peer Review of Grants” Jocelyn Kaiser. ScienceNOW Daily News 6 Jun 2008.

• Merlo, DF, Vahakangas, K, and Knudsen, LE. “Scientific integrity: critical issues in environmental health research” Environmental Health 7(Suppl 1): S9.

• “Stewards of Integrity: Institutional Approaches to Promote and Safeguard Good Research Practice in Europe” ESF. Survey Report 29 May 2008.

• Wadman, M (2008). “Medical schools swap pigs for plastic” Nature 453(7192): 140-141.

• “Case Summary-Lois Bartsch” Office of Research Integrity 6 May 2008.

• Marshall, E (2008). “A Bumper Crop of Conflicts” Science 320(5876): 602.

• “Report: Guidelines for Research Ethics in Science and Technology” Norwegian National Committee for Research Ethics in Science and Technology (NENT) May 2008.

• Lee, SS (2008). “Cheating in scientific publishing: the scourge must stop!” Liver International 28(5): 585-6.

• Trikalinos, NA, Evangelou, E, and Ioannidis, JP (2008). “Falsified papers in high-impact journals were slow to retract and indistinguishable from nonfraudulent papers” Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 61(5): 464-70.

• DeAngelis, CD and Thornton, JP (2008). “Preserving confidentiality in the peer review process”JAMA 299(16): 1956.

• Schwartz, RS, Curfman, GD, Morrissey, S, and Drazen, JM (2008). “Full Disclosure and the Funding of Biomedical Research” NEJM 358(17): 1850-1851.

• Dyer, O (2008). “Wakefield admits fabricating events when he took children’s blood samples” BMJ 336(7649): 850.

• Boesz, C and Lloyd, N (2008). “Collaborations: Investigating International Misconduct”
  Nature 452(7188): 686 – 687.

• “Final Report: Observing and Reporting Suspected Misconduct in Biomedical Research,” The Gallup Organization for Office of Research Integrity Revised 8 Apr 2008.

• “‘Conflict’ chills research’” Elizabeth Whelan, President of the American Council on Science and Health. The Washington Times 8 Apr 2008.

• “Tainted medicine” Jerome P. Kassirer. The Los Angeles Times 6 Apr 2008.

• Siedlecki, SL, Montague, M, and Schultz, J (2008). “Writing for Publication: Avoiding Common Ethical Pitfalls” Journal of Wound, Ostomy & Continence Nursing 35(2): 147-150.

• Couzin, J and Normile, D (2008). “Two Papers From Korean Lab Found to Lack 'Scientific Truth'” Science 319(5869): 1468-1469.

• “Peer review may not be perfect but alternatives are worse” Nigel Hawkes. The Times (UK) 12 Mar 2008.

• Resnik, DB, Gutierrez-Ford, C, and Peddada, S (2008). “Perceptions of Ethical Problems with Scientific Journal Peer Review: An Exploratory Study” Science and Engineering Ethics (Online).

• “Nobel Winner Retracts Research Paper” Kenneth Chang. The New York Times 7 Mar 2008.

• Andanda PA (2008). “Human-tissue-related inventions: ownership and intellectual property rights in international collaborative research in developing countries” Journal of Medical Ethics 34(3): 171-179.

• Kligyte, V, Marcy, RT, Sevier, ST, Godfrey, ES, and Mumford, MD (2008) “A Qualitative Approach to Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) Training Development: Identification of Metacognitive Strategies” Science and Engineering Ethics 14 (1): 3-31.

• The Hastings Center (2008). “Reassessing Human Subjects Protections” The HastingsCenter Report 38(2).

• Snyder, L and Mueller, PS (2008). “Research in the Physician's Office: Navigating the Ethical Minefield” The Hastings Center Report 38(2): 23-27.

• Joffe, S and Miller, FG (2008). “Bench to Bedside: Mapping the Moral Terrain of Clinical Research” The Hastings Center Report 38(2): 30-44.

• Merry, AF. “Ethics, industry, and outcomes” Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 12(1):7-11.

• “Outspoken scientist dismissed from panel on chemical safety” Marla Cone. The Los Angeles Times 29 Feb 2008.

• Service, RF (2008). “Chemist Found Responsible for Ethical Breaches” Science 319(5867): 1170-1171.

• Handelsman, J (2008). “The Gray Zone: Scientific Misconduct Comes in Many Shades” DNA & Cell Biology 27 (2): 63-64.

• Ehringhaus, SH, Weissman, JS, Sears, JL, Goold, SD, Feibelmann, S, and Campbell, EG (2008). “Responses of Medical Schools to Institutional Conflicts of Interest” JAMA 299 (6): 665-671.

• “At Harvard, a Proposal to Publish Free on Web” Patricia Cohen. The New York Times 12 Feb 2008.

• “Smoking, and ire, at UCLA” Richard Paddock. The Los Angeles Times 9 Feb 2008.

• Cicutto, L (2008). “Plagiarism: Avoiding the Peril in Scientific Writing” Chest 133(2): 579-81.

• Rees, CE and Knight, LV (2008). “Banning, detection, attribution and reaction: the role of assessors in constructing students' unprofessional behaviours” Medical Education 42(2): 125-7.

• Mitchell, T and Carroll, J (2008). “Academic and research misconduct in the PhD: issues for students and supervisors” Nurse Education Today 28(2): 218-26.

• “Doctor Accused of Leak to Drug Maker” Stephanie Saul. The New York Times 31 Jan 2008.

• Dalton, R (2008). “Fossil reptiles mired in controversy” Nature 451(7178): 510.

• “British journal retracts article by Harvard doctor” Elizabeth Cooney. The Boston Globe 30 Jan 2008.

• Errami, M and Garner, H (2008). “A tale of two citations” Nature 451(7177): 397-9.

• “Case Summary-Scott E. Monte,” Office of Research Integrity 23 Jan 2008.

• “Cancer Data? Sorry, Can’t Have It” Andrew Vickers. The New York Times 22 Jan 2008.

• “Researchers Go Unchecked, Report Says” Gardiner Harris. The New York Times 19 Jan 2008.

• Kremenak, N (2008). “Images: To Alter or Not to Alter? The Ethics of Image Modification” Journal of Prosthodontics 17(1): 79-80.

2007

• “Research Integrity: global responsibility to foster common standards” ESF and ORI. Science Policy Briefing Dec 2007.

• Davis, MS, Riske-Morris, M, and Diaz, SR (2007). “Causal factors implicated in research misconduct: evidence from ORI case files” Science and Engineering Ethics13 (4): 395-414.

• Marcovitch, H (2007). “Misconduct by researchers and authors” Gaceta Sanitaria 21(6): 492-9.

• Anderson, MS (2007). “Collective openness and other recommendations for the promotion of research integrity” Science and Engineering Ethics 13(4): 387-394.

• “UW: Researcher faked AIDS data, altered images” Nick Perry and Carol M. Ostrom. The Seattle Times 28 Nov 2007.

• “Final Report to ESF and ORI on First World Conference on Research Integrity: Fostering Responsible Research” Conference co-chaired by Nicholas Steneck and Tony Mayer. World Conference on Research Integrity Nov 2007.

• Von Elm, E (2007). “Research integrity: collaboration and research needed” Lancet 370(9596): 1403-4.

•  “’Flawed data’ loses stem cell funding” Dan Box. The Australian 15 Oct 2007.

• “Case Summary-Jon Sudbo” Office of Research Integrity 9 Oct 2007.

• Aschwanden, C (2007). “Seeking an International Dialogue on Research Integrity” Cell 131(1): 9-11.

• Funk, CL, Barrett, KA, and Macrina, FL (2007). “Authorship and Publication Practices: Evaluation of the Effect of Responsible Conduct of Research Instruction to Postdoctoral Trainees” Accountability in Research 14 (4): 269 – 305.

• Ramnarain, N and Kirk, P (2007). “Fraud and deceit in medical research” British Journal of Hospital Medicine 68(10): 543-6.

• Olsson, IA, Hansen, AK, and Sandøe, P (2007). “Ethics and Refinement in Animal Research” Science 317(5845): 1680. 

• Anderson, MS, Horn, AS, Risbey, KR, Ronning, EA, De Vries, R, and Martinson, BC (2007). “What Do Mentoring and Training in the Responsible Conduct of Research Have To Do with Scientists' Misbehavior? Findings from a National Survey of NIH-Funded Scientists. Education in the Responsible Conduct of Research” Academic Medicine 82 (9): 853-860.

• Steneck, HE. Bulger, RE (2007). “The history, purpose, and future of instruction in the responsible conduct of research” Academic Medicine 82 (9): 829-834.

• Wager, E (2007). “What do journal editors do when they suspect research misconduct?” Medicine and Law 26(3): 535-44.

• Daroff, RB (2007). “Scientific misconduct and breach of publication ethics: one editor's experience” Medicine and Law 26(3): 527-33.

• Fletcher, RH and Black, B (2007). “’Spin’ in scientific writing: scientific mischief and legal jeopardy” Medicine and Law 26(3): 511-25.

• Wager, E (2007). “Ethical publishing: the innocent author’s guide to avoiding misconduct” Menopause International 13(3): 98-102.

• Bulger, RE and Heitman, RF (2007). Academic Medicine 82(9): 876-8.

• Kalichman, MW (2007). “Responding to challenges in educating for the responsible conduct of research” Academic Medicine 82(9): 870-5.

• Anderson, MS, Horn, AS, Risbey, KR, Ronning, EA, De Vries, R, and Martinson, BC (2007). “What do mentoring and training in the responsible conduct of research have to do with scientists' misbehavior? Findings from a National Survey of NIH-funded scientists” Academic Medicine 82(9): 853-60.

• Heitman, E, Olsen, CH, Anestidou, L, Bulger, RE (2007). “New graduate students' baseline knowledge of the responsible conduct of research” Academic Medicine 82(9): 838-45.

• Vasgird, DR (2007). “Prevention over cure: the administrative rationale for education in the responsible conduct of research” Academic Medicine 82(9): 835-7.

• Steneck, NH and Bulger, RE (2007). “The history, purpose, and future of instruction in the responsible conduct of research” Academic Medicine 82(9): 829-34.

• Finkel, E (2007). “New Misconduct Rules Aim to Minister to an Ailing System” Science 317 (5842): 1159.

• “Case Summary-Juan Carlos-Jorge Rivera” Office of Research Integrity 14 Aug 2007.

• Abbott, A (2007). “Academic accused of living on borrowed lines” Nature 448(7154): 632-633.

• Minion, D, Sorial, E, and Endean, E (2007). “Ethics of guidelines for reviewers of medical manuscripts” Journal of Vascular Surgery 46(2): 391-3.

• “Disclosing Bias Doesn’t Cancel Its Effects” M.P. Dunleavy. The New York Times 28 July 2007.

• “Case Summary-James David Lieber” Office of Research Integrity 23 Jul 2007.

• “Unofficial Report on Workshop on Best Practices for Ensuring Scientific Integrity and Preventing Misconduct” Participants in the Workshop. World Conference on Research Integrity 19 Jul 2007, 4th draft.

• “Case Summary-Kristin Roovers” Office of Research Integrity 16 Jul 2007.

• “Case Summary-Joy Bryant” Office of Research Integrity 25 Jun 2007.

• “Case Summary-Diana Layman” Office of Research Integrity 25 Jun 2007.

• “Case Summary-Carlos A Murillo” Office of Research Integrity 20 Jun 2007.

• “Case Summary-Wei Jin” Office of Research Integrity 11 Jun 2007.

• Dyer, O (2007). “Researcher accused of breaching research ethics faces GMC” BMJ 334(7605): 1185.

• Ancker JS and Flanagin A (2007). “A comparison of conflict of interest policies at peer-reviewed journals in different scientific disciplines” Science and Engineering Ethics 13(2): 147-157.

• Dyer, O (2007). “Gender disorder specialist is found guilty of serious professional misconduct” BMJ 334(7604): 1134.

• Pryor, ER, Habermann, B, and Broome, ME (2007). “Scientific Misconduct from the Perspective of Research Coordinators: a National Survey” Journal of  Medical Ethics 33(6): 365-369.

• Puljak, L. “Croatia founded a national body for ethics in science” Science and Engineering Ethics. 13 (2): 191-193.

• Watts, G (2007). “Croatian academic is found guilty of plagiarism” BMJ 334(7603): 1077.

• Daroff, RB (2007). “Report from the Scientific Integrity Advisor: issues arising in 2005 and 2006” Neurology 68(21): 1841-2.

• “Case Summary-Kartik Prabhakaran” Office of Research Integrity 21 May 2007.

• Dyer, Clare (2007). “UK must learn from US's mistakes in tackling research misconduct”
  BMJ 334: 1027.

• Service, RF (2007). “Sonofusion Back on the Firing Line as Misconduct Probe Reopens” Science 316(5827): 964.

• Reich, ES (2007). “Purdue dogged by misconduct claims” Nature 447(7142): 238-9.

• “Purdue Will Reinvestigate Researcher Who Claimed Desktop Fusion” Kenneth Chang. The New York Times 11 May 2007.

• Roland, M-C (2007). “Publish and perish. Hedging and fraud in scientific discourse” EMBO 8(5): 424–428.

• Canadian Research Ethics Board (2007). “Publication bias in the medical literature: a review by a Canadian Research Ethics Board” Canadian Journal of Anesthesiology 54(5): 380-8.

• Dyer, C (2007). “GMC to indtroduce ‘plea bargaining’ for less serious misconduct cases” BMJ 334(7597): 763.

• Gornall, J (2007). “Duplicate publication: a bitter dispute” BMJ 34(7596): 717-20.

• “Findings on Scientific Misconduct” Notice 07-059 issued by HHS. 6 Apr 2007.

• “Case Summary-Rebecca Uzelmeier” Office of Research Integrity 4 Apr 2007.

• “Congress Asks Purdue for Fusion Claim Findings” Kenneth Chang. The New York Times 23 Mar 2007.

• Dalton, R (2007). “Passive smoking study faces review” Nature 446(7133): 242.

• Neale, AV, Northrup, J, Dailey, R, Marks, E, and Abrams, J (2007). “Correction and use of biomedical literature affected by scientific misconduct” Science and Engineering Ethics 13(1): 5-24.

• Hartl, DL and Fairbanks, DJ (2007). “Mud Sticks: On the Alleged Falsification of Mendel's Data” Genetics 175(3): 975-9.

• “Conference on Conflicts of Interest in Research: Summary of Proceedings” Prepared by Gordon Duval. Conference on Conflicts of Interest in Research 22 Feb 2007.

• Service, RF (2007). “Bubble Fusion Researcher Cleared of Misconduct Charges, but Doubts Linger” Science 315(5814): 921.

• “Researcher Cleared of Misconduct, but Case Is Still Murky” Kenneth Chang. The New York Times 13 Feb 2007.

• Wilson, K, Schreier, A, Griffin, A, and Resnik, D (2007). “Research records and the resolution of misconduct allegations at research universities” Accountability in Research 14(1): 57-71.

• “Cancer doctors’ disclosure policy tightened” Luke Timmerman The Seattle Times 20 Jan 2007.

• Holden, C (2007). “Former Hwang colleague faked monkey data, U.S. says” Science ;315(5810): 317.

• Odling-Smee, L, Giles, J, Fuyuno, I, Cyranoski, D, and Marris, E (2007). “Misconduct Special: Where are they now?” Nature 445(7125): 244-5.

• Giles, J (2007). “Misconduct Special: Breeding cheats” Nature 445(7125): 242-3.

• Brumfiel, G (2007). “Misconduct Special: Misconduct? It’s all academic…” Nature 445(7125): 240-1.

• Nature Editorial (2007). “Misconduct Special: Leading by example” Nature 445(7125): 229.

• Rossner, M (2007). “Hwang case review committee misses the mark” Journal of Cell Biology 176(2): 131-2.

• “Findings on Scientific Misconduct” Notice 07-035 issued by HHS. 12 Jan 2007.

• Normile, D (2007). “Japan’s Universities Take Action” Science 315(5808): 26.

• Franzen, M, Rödder, S, and Weingart, P (2007). “Fraud: causes and culprits as perceived by science and the media. Institutional changes, rather than individual motivations, encourage misconduct” EMBO 8(1): 3-7.

• Triggle, CR and Triggle, DJ (2007). “What is the future of peer review? Why is there fraud in science? Is plagiarism out of control? Why do scientists do bad things? Is it all a case of: ‘all that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing’?” Vascular Health and Risk Management 3(1): 39-53. 2007

C) AAAS and National Academies Resources

This section contains citations for relevant print and video resources produced by AAAS and the National Academies. Instructions for ordering copies of the materials can be found below or on the linked-to page.

AAAS

• “31st Annual AAAS Forum on Science & Technology Policy.” Hosted by AAAS, 3 May 2006. Valid links, July 2008.
  • Event summary: http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2006/0503ethics.shtml
  • Nicholas Steneck’s slides: http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd/Forum_2006/steneck.pdf
  • John Horgan's Remarks: http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd/Forum_2006/horgan.pdf
  • Felice Levine’s Remarks: http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd/Forum_2006/levine.pdf

• AAAS (1996; updated in 2000). Integrity in Scientific Research [set of five videos].
  http://www.aaas.org/spp/video/. Valid link, July 2008.

• AAAS and U.S. ORI (2000). The Role and Activities of Scientific Societies in Promoting Research Integrity: A Report on a Conference. http://www.aaas.org/spp/sfrl/projects/report.pdf. Valid link, July 2008.

• Frankel, Mark S. and Sanyin Siang (1999). Ethical and Legal Aspects of Human Subjects Research on the Internet: A Report on a Workshop. http://www.aaas.org/spp/sfrl/projects/intres/report.pdf. Valid link, July 2008.

Note: The following print resources can be ordered (many free of charge) via the following link: http://www.aaas.org/spp/sfrl/puborderform. For more information regarding any of the following resources, you may view their entries here: http://www.aaas.org/spp/sfrl/publications.shtml.

• AAAS (1989). Institutional Responses to Cases of Fraud and Misconduct in Science, A Media Roundtable at the National Press Club.

• AAAS (1988). Project on Scientific Fraud and Misconduct: Report on Workshop Number One.

• AAAS (1989). Project on Scientific Fraud and Misconduct: Report on Workshop Number Two.

• AAAS (1989). Project on Scientific Fraud and Misconduct: Report on Workshop Number Three.

• AAAS and U.S. ORI (2000). Responding to Allegations of Research Misconduct: Inquiry, Investigation, and Outcomes, a Practicum.

• AAAS and AAMC (1997). Responding to Allegations of Research Misconduct: Inquiry and Investigation: Notebook of Prepared Materials.

• Teich, Albert H. and Mark S. Frankel (1992). Good Science and Responsible Scientists: Meeting the Challenge of Fraud and Misconduct in Science.

National Academies
Note: Many of these materials can be read for free online. Look for the pdf link on each item’s page.

• NAE Online Ethics Center. http://www.onlineethics.org/. Valid link, September 2008.

• Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine (2008). On Being a Scientist: Responsible Conduct in Research. 3rd edition, The National Academies Press. http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12192. Valid link, July 2008.

• “Meeting 2: Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information: The HIPAA Privacy Rule.” Convened by Institute of Medicine, 1 Oct 2007.  http://www.iom.edu/CMS/3740/43729/43936.aspx. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, 14 Nov 2007.

• “Committee on Assuring Integrity of Research Data: 1st Committee Meeting.” Convened by National Academies Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, 16-17 Apr 2007. http://www7.nationalacademies.org/data/Data_Agenda.html. Valid link, July 2008.

• Committee on the Experiences and Challenges of Science and Ethics in the United States and Iran, in cooperation with the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran, National Research Council (2003). The Experiences and Challenges of Science and Ethics: Proceedings of an American Iranian Workshop. The National Academies Press. http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10700.
  Valid Link, September 2008.

• Committee on Responsibilities of Authorship in the Biological Sciences, National Research Council (2003). Sharing Publication-Related Data and Materials: Responsibilities of Authorship in the Life Sciences. The National Academies Press. http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10613. Valid link, July 2008.

• Daniel D. Federman, Kathi E. Hanna, and Laura Lyman Rodriguez, Editors, Committee on Assessing the System for Protecting Human Research Participants (2002). Responsible Research: A Systems Approach to Protecting Research Participants. The National Academies Press. http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10508. Valid Link, September 2008.

• Committee on Assessing Integrity in Research Environments, National Research Council, Institute of Medicine (2002). Integrity in Scientific Research: Creating an Environment That Promotes Responsible Conduct. The National Academies Press.http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10430. Valid link, July 2008.

• Committee on the Ethical and Legal Issues Relating to the Inclusion of Women in Clinical Studies, Institute of Medicine (1999). Women and Health Research: Ethical and Legal Issues of Including Women in Clinical Studies, Volume 2, Workshop and Commissioned Papers. Eds.Anna C. Mastroianni, Ruth Faden, and Daniel Federman. The National Academies Press. http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2343. Valid link, July 2008.

• Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (1999). Overcoming Barriers to Collaborative Research: Report of a Workshop. http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9722. Valid link, July 2008.

• Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research (1993). Responsible Science, Volume II: Background Papers and Resource Documents. The National Academies Press. http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2091. Valid link, July 2008.

• Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research (1992). Responsible Science, Volume I: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process. The National Academies Press. http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1864. Valid link, July 2008.

• Committee on the Responsible Conduct of Research, National Research Council (1989). The Responsible Conduct of Research in the Health Sciences (Workshop Report). The National Academies Press. http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1388. Valid Link, September 2008.
  

D) Web and Media Resources

This section offers resources in several forms, all of which can be accessed online without fees or paid subscriptions.

Audio and Video Clips

• “Animal Testing and Research Ethics.” Joe Palka, produced by Molly Webster. NPR’s Science Friday. 29 Feb 2008. 
   
  
• “Codes, IRB review and ethical issues in study design.” Christine Grady, Jerry Menikoff, and Frank Miller. NIH Course.: Session 2. 3 Oct 2007.
   
  
• “Conflicts of Interest.” Ira Flatlow, produced by Annette Heist. NPR’s Science Friday. 19 Oct 2007.
   
  
• “RCR Resources: Video Clips.” Gareth Tibbs, Dana Fisher, and Olveen Carrasquillo. ColumbiaUniversity. n.d.

• “Research Ethics Findings.” Alison Dundes Renteln, Richard John, and Marlene Wagner, University of Southern California IRB. Mar 2005.

• “Researchers Find Bias in Nutrition Studies.” Allison Aubrey. NPR’s Morning Edition. 9 Jan 2007.

• “Science Fraud.” Alison Richards. NPR’s All Things Considered. 21 May 1999.

• “Survey: Scientific Misconduct Underreported.” David Kestenbaum. NPR’s All Things Considered. 18 Jun 2008.

• “The Pulse of Scientific Freedom in the Age of Biotech Industry.” Moderated by Mark Dowie. UC Berkeley School of Journalism Webcast. 11 Dec 2003.

• “What Happens to Bad Scientists.” June Thomas. Slate’s Explainer Podcast. 19 Dec 2005. (article transcript available here:  http://www.slate.com/id/2132541/)

• “Why We Use Animals in Medical Research.” Tom Holder. Speaking of Research Lecture. Uploaded 7 May 2008.

Blogs

• http://blogs.nature.com/nautilus/
  This blog is targeted at current and “aspiring” authors of Nature Publishing Group journals and addresses mainly authorship and journal policies. Entries on policy have ranged from commentary on the role of animal experimentation to explorations of the boundaries of conflicts of interest. Most posts include references to current Nature articles as well as some external sources.

• http://scientific-misconduct.blogspot.com/
  Authored by Aubrey Blumsohn, a scientist who was famously suspended in 2005 after voicing concerns about research integrity, this blog takes on the issues surrounding scientific misconduct. Blumsohn shares his personal opinion as he interprets relevant current events in the world of academia and beyond.

• http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/
  This blog describes its aim as “addressing threats to health care’s core values, especially those stemming from concentration and abuse of power.” The blog focuses on industry, and explores many pertinent issues, including conflict of interest, transparency and data integrity.

• http://writedit.wordpress.com/
  This blog aims to “provide a central resource for advice on grantsmanship and the medical writing/editing process, notices from the NIH (including paylines) and other major grant sponsors (e.g., NSF), tidbits of biomedical research news, commentaries on research integrity, etc.” Writedit covers the processes of peer review and responsible research, and writes extensively about authorship.

• http://blog.bioethics.net/
  The American Journal of Bioethics’ blog covers a diverse array of bioethics issues. Each week’s entries are often determined by the week’s most popular science news headlines. As a result, this blog often may not cover issues related to directly scientific integrity unless a relevant story has recently broken.

• http://blogs.nature.com/peer-to-peer/
  This blog provides information and news about the peer-review process at Nature Publishing Group journals, and also includes debates on the general topic of peer-review.

• http://scienceblogs.com/ethicsandscience/
  Janet Stedwel, author, describes her blog as, “Where I muse on responsible conduct of scientific research, communication between scientists and non-scientists about the issues that matter to both camps, and teaching science and ethics. It may seem like most of the discussion is about irresponsible conduct, miscommunication, and teaching that doesn't get the job done. I criticize because I know we can do better.”

• http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/
  Paul Z. Meyers uses his blog to express his concerns, opinions and expectations about a huge collection of news, culture and other items that are often, but not always related to science. He has in the past blogged about issues related to scientific misconduct and conflict of interest.

• http://scienceblogs.com/drugmonkey/
  This blog is wrriten by an NIH-funded biomedical research scientist who shares his insights into the biomedical research industry. Though many of the posts cover topics like funding and recent discoveries, the blog does occasionally discuss conflict of interest issues, the peer review process, and other relevant items.

Online Programs and Courses

• Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) Tool Kit. http://opa.faseb.org/pages/advocacy/coi/toolkit.htm. Valid link, July 2008. FASEB, after consulting the scientific community, created a Conflict of Interest (COI) Toolkit. Free tools created by FASEB include points for consideration in academic-industry agreements and a funding and disclosure template. The Toolkit also contains resources from a variety of other places and organizes tools by stakeholder category.

• National Society of Professional Engineers Online Courses. Valid link, July 2008; last update, n.d. NSPE offers several online courses in ethics for purchase by engineers. Course topics include Engineering Ethics & Fair Trade: Ethics of Agreements, and Engineering Ethics & Fair Trade: Conflict of Interest.

• Open Seminar in Research Ethics. http://openseminar.org/ethics/. Valid link, July 2008. This is a collection of free, open seminars on research ethics from a variety of academic institutions. Courses are open to students of the listed institutions, teachers and all guests. Visitors can choose to actually take the course, or simply view all of the accessible modules, sub-modules and assignments. Modules cover topics ranging from Mentoring, to Whistleblowing, to the Ethical Principles of Research.

LISTSERVs

• http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/list.htm  Stay current on upcoming workshops, discussions or updated policies regarding human subject research protection. LISTSERV members may also submit their own events that, pending approval, will be sent out to all members.

• http://ori.dhhs.gov/StayInformed/listserv.shtml Choose to join one, two, or all three of the available LISTSERVS: “Research on Research Integrity;” “Responsible Conduct of Research Instruction;” “Research Administrators.” You can post to the list yourself.

• Committee on Assuring the Integrity of Research Receive email and information on the National Academies Committee on Assuring the Integrity of Research Data or information relevant to the committee’s study.

• http://www.ncehr-cnerh.org/english/listserv_subscribe.php Sign up for the Canadian National Council on Ethics in Human Research to receive updates, read messages that other subscribers post, and contribute content.

E) Policies, Codes, and Guidelines

The bulk of this section contains links to relevant policies, codes, and guidelines issued by governments, journals, scientific, engineering, and medical societies and higher education associations. When available, we have also included links to sites that offer resources that will further inform visitors’ decisions and discussions on scientific misconduct and research integrity.

Government

• Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (2006). “Code of Ethics for Researchers of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.” http://www.cas.cz/en/code_of_ethics.php. Valid link, Aug 2008.

• Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) (1984-2008).
  “List of CCAC Guidelines.” Valid link, July 2008.
  “CCAC Policy Statements.” Valid link, July 2008; last updated 10 Jul 2008.

• Canadian Institute of Health Research (2007). “1-B4: Ethics.” 2007-2008 CIHR Grant and Awards Guide.
  http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/22630.html#1-B4. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, 14 Sep 2007.

• Current Bibliographies in Medicine: Ethical Issues in Research Involving Human Participants. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive//20061214/pubs/cbm/hum_exp.html. Valid link, July 2008. This is a collection of over 4,000 resources regarding research on human subjects. It was compiled by members of the Bioethics Education Materials and Resources Subcommittee, an interagency working group led by NIH, CDC, FDA, HRSA, and SAMHSA. This working group was charged with identifying existing bioethics educational materials and resources and making these materials more accessible to the entire research and research training community. In addition, the working group was asked to identify gaps in these resources and make recommendations about how to fill them.

• Department of Health and Human Services, OHRP (1993). Institutional Review Board Guidebook. 2nd ed., prepared by Robin Levin Penslar. http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/irb/irb_guidebook.htm . Valid link, July 2008.

• Human Subjects Research Program at the Department of Energy. http://humansubjects.energy.gov/. Valid link, July 2008. DOE provides separate resource sections for Protecting Human Subjects, Scientific Integrity, Community IRB Members, and DOE Worker Health-Related Studies. Resources include external links, relevant government policies and codes, and contact information for key DOE staff and committees.

• Interagency Advisory Panel on Research Ethics. http://www.pre.ethics.gc.ca/english/index.cfm. Valid link, July 2008. The Interagency Advisory Panel on Research Ethics (PRE) is a body of external experts established in November 2001 by three Canadian Research Agencies, CIHR, NSERC, and SSHRC, to support the development and evolution of their joint research ethics policy, the “Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans.” PRE’s website details their policy initiatives, past meeting highlights, lists upcoming events, and provides all their reports.

• National Council on Ethics in Human Research. http://www.ncehr-cnerh.org/english/links.php. Valid link, July 2008; last update, 2005. NCEHR is a national [Canadian] organization mandated to advance the protection and well-being of human participants in research and to foster high ethical standards for the conduct of research involving humans. The site contains links and ways to get involved in the discussion about ethics in human research.

• National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Research Council, and Australian Vice-Chancellors’ Committee (2007). National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research. http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/publications/synopses/_files/e72.pdf. Valid link, Aug 2008.

• NIH. “Conflicts of Interest.” NIH Public-Private Partnerships: Regulations and Policies.
  http://ppp.od.nih.gov/regulations/coi.asp. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, 4 Mar 2008.

• NIH. “Human Subjects Protection.” http://ppp.od.nih.gov/regulations/coi.asp. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, 4 Mar 2008.

• NIH (2003). “NIH Data Sharing Policy.” http://grants2.nih.gov/grants/policy/data_sharing/. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, 17 Apr 2007.

• NSF (2005). “Chapter 5: Grantee Standards and Chapter 9: Reconsideration and Research Misconduct.” Grant Policy Manual, p. 509 and 901. http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/manuals/gpm05_131/gpm05_131.pdf. Valid link, July 2008.

• Office of Lab Animal Welfare (OLAW) Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals Tutorial. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/tutorial/index.htm. Valid link, July 2008; last updated 27 Mar 2000. In its tutorial OLAW links to Public Health Service policies and provides other relevant resources, including a glossary, instructions for lab maintenance, and policies of other government committees and entities.  

• Office of Research Integrity (2005). “Policies/Regulations-Introduction.” http://ori.dhhs.gov/policies/ Valid link, July 2008.
  Office of Research Integrity (2005). “Policies-Statutes and Regulations.”. http://ori.dhhs.gov/policies/statutes.shtml. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, 31 Oct 2006.

• U.S. Food and Drug Administration (1998). “Guide for Institutional Review Boards and Clinical Investigators” Information Sheets. http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/rcr/rcr_conflicts/misc/Ref/FDA_IRB.pdf. Valid link, July 2008.

• U.S. General Accounting Office (2003). “University Research: Most Federal Agencies Must Better Protect against Financial Conflicts of Interest.” Report to the Honorable Richard Shelby, U.S. Senate. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d0431.pdf. Valid link, July 2008.

Journals

• ACS Publications (2006). “Ethical Guidelines to Publication of Chemical Research.”
  http://pubs.acs.org/ethics/ethics.pdf. Valid link, July 2008.

• American Association for the Advancement of Science (2008). “General Policies.” Help for Authors. http://www.sciencemag.org/help/authors/policies.dtl. Valid link, July 2008.

• American Chemical Society Publications. “ACS Journals’ Ethical Guidelines to Publication Research.”
  http://pubs.acs.org:80/instruct/ethic.html.

• BioMedical Engineering Online (2005). “Editorial Policies.” Instructions for BioMedical Engineering Online Authors. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, 3 Oct 2005.

• Blackwell Publishing (2008). “Publication Ethics.”
  http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/Publicationethics/. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, 1 Jan 2008.

• Elsevier Inc. (2007). “Editorial Policies.”Author Information.
  http://www.cell.com/misc/page?page=authors#Policies. Valid link, July 2008.

• Elsevier Inc. (2007). “Peer Review Policy for International Journal of Engineering Science.” Journal Information.
  http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journalrelatedinfo.cws_home/278/preface1. Valid link, July 2008.

• National Academies of Sciences (2007). “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (PNAS) Conflict of Interest Policy.” http://www.pnas.org/misc/coi.shtml. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, Jan 2008.

• Nature Publishing Group (2008). “Editorial Policies.” Authors and Referees at Nature Publishing Group. http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/index.html. Valid link, July 2008.

Scientific, Engineering, and Medical Societies, Higher Education Associations, and Other Groups

• American Anthropological Association (1998). “AAA Code of Ethics.”
  http://www.aaanet.org/issues/policy-advocacy/Code-of-Ethics.cfm. Valid link, July 2008.

• American Association for Laboratory Animal Science.
  Valid link, July 2008. The American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) is a premier forum for the exchange of information and expertise in the care and use of laboratory animals. The AALAS website includes information about certification and meetings, as well as the AALAS Learning Library, which offers online courses, training, and resources. Much of the AALAS content can only be accessed by AALAS members.

• American Chemical Society (2007). “The Chemical Professional’s Code of Conduct.” Valid link, July 2008.

• American Chemical Society. “ACS Presidential Committee on Ethics.” The ACS Presidential Committee website offers ethics training materials, case studies, and links to other relevant websites. It also connects visitors to ACS codes and policies, and explains the mission and organization of the Presidential Committee on Ethics.

• American Physical Society (2002). “Policies for Handling Allegations of Research Misconduct.”
  http://www.aps.org/policy/statements/02_3.cfm. Valid link, July 2008.

• American Psychological Association. APA Ethics Office. http://www.apa.org/ethics/. This website not only has the APA’s Ethics Code, but also links to official APA positions on relevant issues, guidelines for animal research, ethics news, and educational materials.

• American Public Health Association (2002). “Principles of the Ethical Practice of Public Health.” Valid link, July 2008.

• American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) (2006). “Code of Ethics.”
  www.asce.org/files/pdf/codeofethics01222007.pdf. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, 23 Jul 2006.

• American Society of Civil Engineers (2006). “Professional Ethics and Conflict of Interest: Resolution 502.” http://www.asce.org/pressroom/news/policy_details.cfm?hdlid=184. Valid link, July 2008.

• American Society of Civil Engineers. “Ethics.” http://www.asce.org/professional/ethics/. Valid link, July 2008. ASCE provides a wealth of resources to educate engineers on a variety of ethical issues. An Ethics Guidelines pdf defines all key terminology and lays down basic guidelines for many ethical issues. The site also sells two educational packages that include videos and materials for students.

• American Society for Microbiology. http://www.asm.org/Policy/index.asp?bid=371. The ASM Policy section provides daily updates of news relevant to the issues that ASM cares about, including use and care of animals in research and ethics. Under the category of ethics, visitors can find links to federal legislation as well as reports and comments issued by ASM on topics like research misconduct.

• American Sociological Association (1997). “ASA Code of Ethics.”Valid link, July 2008; last updated 22 Jan 2006.

• Association for Computing Machinery (1999). “Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice.” Version 5.2. http://www.acm.org/serving/se/code.htm. Valid link, July 2008.

• Association of American Universities Task Force on Research Accountability (2001). “Report on Individual and Institutional Conflict of Interest.” http://www.aau.edu/research/COI.01.pdf. Valid link, July 2008.

• Council on Governmental Relations (COGR) (2002). “Recognizing and Managing Personal Financial Conflicts of Interest.” http://www.cogr.edu/docs/COIFinal.pdf. Valid link, July 2008.

• Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (2002). International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects. http://www.cioms.ch/frame_guidelines_nov_2002.htm. Valid link, Aug 2008.

• Council of Science Editors (2006). “Editorial Policies: CSE's White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications.” http://www.councilscienceeditors.org/. Valid link, July 2008.

• Federation of Animal Science Societies. http://www.fass.org/. Valid link, July 2008. FASS offers a variety of resources, including publications, recent news items, and training materials. A free document entitled “Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching” is available along with several training modules for purchase online. 

• Institute of Electric and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (2006). “IEEE Code of Ethics.” www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/about/CoE_poster.pdf. Valid link, July 2008.

• International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2007). “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication” http://www.icmje.org/index.html. Valid link, July 2008.

• National Council on Ethics and Research. “Section 4: Conflict of Interest.” Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans. http://www.ncehr-cnerh.org/english/code_2/sec04.html. Valid link, July 2008.

• National Society of Professional Eningeers (2008). NSPE Code of Ethics for Engineers. http://www.nspe.org/Ethics/CodeofEthics/index.html. Valid link, July 2008.

• National Society of Professional Engineers: Ethics. http://www.nspe.org/ethics/index.html. Valid link, July 2008; last update, n.d. This Ethics page is home not only to the NSPE Board of Ethical Review and the NSPE Code of Ethics, but also to a collection of ethics resources that include an ethics exam, a large volume of ethics cases (dating back to 1959), and links to other relevant sites.

• Partnership for Research Integrity in Science and Medicine (PRISM). http://www.prismcoalition.org/principles.htm. Valid link, Aug 2008. PRISM was established by The Executive Council of the Professional & Scholarly Publishing Division of the Association of American Publishers (AAP) to educate policy makers and the American people about the risks posed by government intervention in scholarly publishing.

• Society for Neuroscience (1993-2008). “Guidelines/Policies.” http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=guidelinesPolicies. Valid link, July 2008.

• World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO) (2001). “WFEO Model Code of Ethics.” http://www.wfeo.org/index.php?page=ethics. Valid link, July 2008.

F) Past Conferences

This section links to sites of past conferences and workshops whose sponsors have made conference reports or presenters’ Powerpoints available. Entries are organized by date, with the most recent events first. Official reports from the most recent conferences can be found in the literature section of In the News.

• “First Biennial ORI Conference on RCR Education, Instruction, and Training.” Hosted by ORI, 17-19 Apr 2008. http://epi.wustl.edu/epi/rcr2008.htm. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, 13 Jun 2008.
   
  
• “Sharing Research Data.” Organized by ESF and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), 21 Sep 2007. Valid link, Aug 2008. 
  
   
  
• “Conference on Conflicts of Interest in Research: Summary of Proceedings.” Co-sponsored by NCEHR, University of Toronto, Health Canada, CIHR, and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, 22-23 Feb 2007. http://www.ncehr-cnerh.org/pdf/events/sshrc_ncehr_coi_report_en.pdf. Valid link, July 2008.

• “Fourth Biennial Research on Research Integrity Conference.” Sponsored by ORI, 1-3 Dec 2006. http://ori.dhhs.gov/research/extra/conference_2006.shtml. Valid link, July 2008; last updated, 20 Aug 2007.

• “The responsible conduct of basic and clinical research.” Sponsored by Polish Academy of Sciences in collaboration with ORI and Association of the Pharmaceutical Companies Representatives in Poland, 3-4 Jun 2005. http://surfer.iitd.pan.wroc.pl/events/RCR.html. Valid link, Aug 2008.

• “Report on 88th Meeting of the Advisory Committee to the Director (ACD), the Blue Ribbon Panel on NIH Conflict of Interest Policies.” Sponsored by NIH, 6 May 2004. http://www.nih.gov/about/ethics_COI_panelreport.pdf. Valid link, July 2008.

G) International Resources

This section contains an annotated list of resources from governmental and non-governmental international bodies. Specific policies and recent reports issued by foreign organizations and governments can be found in the Policies, Codes, and Guidelines and Recent Literature sections respectively, while more general collections of resources can be found here, including such items as training modules, links, and past reports.

• Australian Health Ethics Committee. http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/health_ethics/index.htm. Valid link, Aug 2008; last updated, 4 Apr 2007. AHEC advises the National Health and Medical Research Council on various issues, such as Human Research Ethics and Research Integrity. Each issue has its own sub-page that includes topical overviews, AHEC guidelines, and other resources.

• Canadian Institutes of Health Research. http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/2891.html. Valid link, Aug 2008; last updated, 25 Jul 2008. On this site, CIHR lists their own policies, links to ethics resources, and gives an overview of their own ethics initiatives. CIHR Ethics Office works on initiatives related to research integrity, like conflict of interest and Aboriginal human subject research participants. Resources on the site include tutorials, CIHR publications, and links to external sites.

• Center for Good Research Practice (Korea). http://www.grp.or.kr/index.jsp?m1=10&m2=1&m3=0. Valid link, July 2008. Supported by the Korean Research Foundation, the Center for Good Research Practice was launched in December 2007 though its English website was only posted very recently. The English content is limited but they have made available presentation slides that give an overview of the status of RCR education in Korea.

• CODEX: Rules and Guidelines for Research. http://www.codex.uu.se/codex_eng/codex/index.html. Valid link, Aug 2008; last updated, 1 Aug 2008. Compiled by the Swedish Research Council, CODEX is a collection of research ethics guidelines and other resources. Each topic features original summaries written by CODEX staff to provide background on current Swedish policies as well as a list of links to external sites.

• European Science Foundation. http://www.esf.org/home.html. Valid link, Aug 2008. ESF’s site offers a wide array of content beyond just research integrity materials, but a search feature allows visitors to hone their browsing. In particular, the Publications section contains several relevant reports on topics like research sharing practices and peer review. Other useful sections include Activities and Media Centre.

• International Research Ethics Network for South Africa. http://www.irensa.org/. Valid link, Aug 2008. Developed by the University of Cape Town, IRENSA aims to develop a research ethics conversation throughout South Africa, primarily by offering training and short courses. IRENSA’s site contains details about the training programs it offers and links to other international resources.

• Medical Research Council (UK). Publications in Ethics and Research. Valid link, Aug 2008. The Policy and Guidance section of this site includes reports, policies, and regulatory summaries devoted to “Ethics and Research Governance.” Topics include Good Research Practice and Consent to Take Part in Research.

• Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan). http://www.mext.go.jp/english/kagaku/index.htm. Valid link, Aug 2008; last updated, May 2007. This is the site for the Science and Technology Bureau of the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs. Visitors can find a list of news items, many of which are relevant to research integrity and scientific misconduct. Each news item contains an outline of the event, report, or article, followed by a link to the actual document, when available. Example items are “Report of the Special Committee on Research Misconduct” and “Japan-China-Korea Trilateral Meeting on Scientific Integrity.”

• Ministry of Education, National Advisory Board on Research Ethics (Finland). http://www.research.fi/en/viewpoints/research_ethics. Valid link, Aug 2008; last updated, 3 Mar 2006. The Research Ethics section of this larger site on Finnish Science and Technology gives an overview of the government structure for ethics oversight followed by two recent reports and various links to relevant national committees and ministries.

• National Committee for Research Ethics in Norway. http://www.etikkom.no/English. Valid link, Aug 2008. This site includes an extensive list of publications and historical background on the Committee’s role in various aspects of research ethics. Publications available include “2008 Guidelines for research ethics in science and technology” and “Research ethics guidelines for internet research.”

• The Reporting and Research Integrity Research Group (University of Bern). http://www.ispm.ch/index.php?id=1867. Valid link, Aug 2008. This site explains the mission of this particular Research Group and links to its current and past projects. Several of the projects focus on reporting trial data and other issues involved in peer review and biomedical publishing.

• Society of Research Administrators International. http://www.srainternational.org/sra03/index.cfm. Valid link, Aug 2008. SRA International has made its Code of Ethics available to the public, along with its Body of Knowledge. The Body of Knowledge, described as a “living library” of resources, includes information on research integrity, IRBs, and misconduct.

• Training and Resources in Research Ethics Evaluation for Africa. http://www.trree.org/site/en_home.phtml.Valid link, Aug 2008. TRREE focuses on issues related to human subjects research in Africa. A main component, e-learning, is still being constructed and is not yet available online. However, TRREE’s site does currently offer reports and resource links.

• UK Panel for Research Integrity in Health and Biomedical Sciences. http://www.ukrio.org/sites/ukrio2/about_us/index.cfm. Valid link, Aug 2008. The Panel has not yet made much of its work available online. However, its site does contain a Code of Practice for Research and details on some of its current projects.

• West African Bioethics. Valid link, Aug 2008. Although bioethics can encompass many different topics, this particular site’s content has a heavy emphasis on research integrity. Relevant resources include links to online courses, events, and projects sponsored both by the West African Bioethics Program and by external institutions and organizations.