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Physical sciences/Physics/Mechanics/Mechanical properties/Surface structure

New techniques reveal aging paintings in their original glory and sidestep some of the ethical issues posed by other restoration methods.

For more than a century, researchers have been puzzled by the nature of the filaments known as the penumbra in sunspots. Understanding the structure of the penumbra, which surrounds a sunspot’s dark core, may help scientists explain the energy flow below the surface of sunspots. The research appears in the 10 June issue of the journal Science.